Linear Transformer Driver (LTD) research for radiographic applications

Leckbee, Joshua J.; Cordova, S.; Oliver, B.V.; Webb, Timothy; Toury, M.; Caron, M.; Rosol, Rodolphe; Bui, Bill; Romero, Tobias; Ziska, Derek

doi:10.1109/ppc.2011.6191550

Cited by 20 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…(1) Figure 6 shows a comparison of the x-ray dose rate measured by a PIN diode 1.0-m from the anode and the x-ray dose rate calculated from the diode current and voltage using equation (1). The calculated and measured dose are very similar.…”

mentioning

confidence: 90%

“…The Ursa Minor linear transformer driver (LTD) is a 21 cavity voltage adder that was upgraded from the seven cavity Sandia Linear Transformer Driver for Radiography (LTDR) in 2010 [1]. Ursa Minor is the highest voltage LTD of its kind and has more series cavities than any other LTD currently in operation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…X-ray dose rate is measured using PIN diodes and calculated from the diode voltage and current using equation(1).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Commissioning and power flow studies of the 2.5-MeV Ursa Minor LTD

Leckbee

Pointon

Cordova

et al. 2012

2012 IEEE International Power Modulator and High Voltage Conference (IPMHVC)

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Ursa Minor is a 21-cavity Linear Transformer Driver (LTD) that has been built to evaluate LTD technology as a driver for electron beam diode research. Initial testing has been conducted at ±90 kV charge. In this configuration the generator has produced 2.0 MV on a 30-ohm MITL when driving an electron beam diode. 2-D PIC simulations of the MITL predict about 15% higher peak voltage and current than seen in experiments. Monte Carlo radiation transport calculations indicate the measured x-ray dose is consistent with the measured diode current and voltage. Triggering experiments indicate that single LTD cavities are insensitive to trigger polarity, whereas the 21-cavity Ursa Minor shows clear sensitivity to trigger polarity.

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mentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Commissioning and power flow studies of the 2.5-MeV Ursa Minor LTD

Leckbee

Pointon

Cordova

et al. 2012

2012 IEEE International Power Modulator and High Voltage Conference (IPMHVC)

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“…Linear transformer drivers (LTD) are a promising pulse power source in many applications such as X-ray radiography, high current Z-pinch, isentropic compression, and Z-pinch inertial fusion energy (IFE) [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. LTD could produce high power pulses with risetime of 60 ns to 100 ns without any pulse compression stages.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trigger method based on internal bricks within cavities for Linear Transformer Drivers

Sun

Zeng

Liang

et al. 2015

2015 IEEE Pulsed Power Conference (PPC)

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A novel trigger method based on an internal brick and azimuthal line in cavities is presented for Linear Transformer Drivers (LTD). The triggered brick is similar as the other normal bricks in cavities, which has the same charge voltage and the switch gas pressure. When the switch in triggered brick is closed by an external pulse, a high voltage pulse is produced and transmitted to other bricks along an azimuthal line installed in the middle insulator of cavities. Therefore, one external trigger pulse is enough for a 1 MA LTD cavity. This novel trigger manner has been applied successfully in 800 kA cavity with 36 bricks. Based on this novel trigger manner, a trigger method is proposed for a LTD module with multi-stage cavities stacked in series. Only several upstream cavities are triggered by external trigger pulses, and the residual cavities are triggered by the high pulses produced from the particular-location of upstream cavities. This trigger method will greatly simplify the requirements of trigger system, which has a promising application for future 60-MA LTD accelerator.

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“…Furthermore, new technologies utilizing more modular approaches such as Protogen [1] or linear transformer driver (LTD) [2] based systems (Ursa Minor [3], Mykonos [4], or the next generation of the Z machine [5]) are heavily dependent upon the synchronized operation of hundreds to thousands of gas insulated pulsed power switches.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracting dynamic resistance from a pulsed power switch with a least squares approach

Zutavern

Glover

Mancuso

et al. 2013

2013 19th IEEE Pulsed Power Conference (PPC)

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Pulsed power gas switches operate under extreme conditions holding off voltages at millions of volts and greater, conducting currents at 100's of kiloamps, and can reliably trigger with less than 10ns of jitter at optimal operating conditions. However as Martin and Braginskii had noted the impedance of these switches is dynamic and a function of many parameters such as gas pressure, current, and the number of channels. In systems such as Protogen or Ursa Minor many gas switches are utilized to enable optimal performance and pulse shaping. A challenge with either system is that, if the switches are tightly coupled and one switch triggers early, then the fields on the second switch change dramatically and can move the second switch into a new operating regime that will result in a different dynamic resistance. This paper presents a least squares approach to extracting the Martin and Braginskii switch resistance with field dependent carrier recombination from measured data. Figure 9. Total switch resistance versus charge voltage.

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Linear Transformer Driver (LTD) research for radiographic applications

Cited by 20 publications

References 12 publications

Commissioning and power flow studies of the 2.5-MeV Ursa Minor LTD

Commissioning and power flow studies of the 2.5-MeV Ursa Minor LTD

Trigger method based on internal bricks within cavities for Linear Transformer Drivers

Extracting dynamic resistance from a pulsed power switch with a least squares approach

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