Linear sulphonate detergents as pour point depressants

Abstract

Oil‐soluble metallic sulphonate detergents have been extensively used in automobile lubricants to keep engines clean and to extend their useful life. Calcium alkylbenzene sulphonate is widely used in the lubricant industry as a detergent. However, the authors have discovered that, uniquely, linear sulphonate detergents can play another role in lubricants, namely to depress the pour point of mineral oils. The authors have studied the relationship between the molecular structures of sulphonate detergents and pour point depression, and it has been found that, in order for a sulphonate detergent to be a pour point depressant (PPD), it must have a linear hydrocarbon tail. Other factors, such as the metal type, e.g., Ca or Mg, and the degree of overbasing, are not critical for pour point depression activity. A model is proposed to explain why sulphonate detergents with linear hydrocarbon tails can function as pour point depressants.

Diesters from Oleic Acid: Synthesis, Low Temperature Properties, and Oxidation Stability

“…Therefore, diesters 10-17 were screened for cold flow performance through determination of both CP and PP. An improvement in the cold flow behavior of diesters 10-17 ( Table 2) was obtained over that of alkyl 9,10-epoxyoctadecanoate precursors (6)(7)(8)(9), SBO, and soybean oil methyl esters (SME, Table 3). Not surprisingly, as the chain length of the mid-chain ester is increased, a corresponding improvement in low temperature behavior was observed.…”

“…The superior lubricity of BD over that of petrodiesel, for instance, is one of the major advantages of the biofuel [2,3]. However, vegetable oil based materials, including BD, have inferior oxidation stability [4,5] and low temperature operability [6,7] when compared to petroleum products. Chemical modification at sites of unsaturation along the fatty acid backbone of SBO, and other oleochemicals, can provide materials with improved oxidation stability and/or low temperature properties.…”

Green waxes, adhesives and lubricants

“…Biodegradability provides an indication of the persistence of any particular substance in the environment and is the yardstick for assessing the eco friendliness of substances (Aluyor et al 2009). However, extensive vegetable oil use is restricted owing to the poor fluid flow behaviour, solidification at low temperatures (Hwang & Erhan 2001;Li et al 2004) and low oxidative (Adamczewska & Wilson 1998;Coscione & Artz 2005;Dunn 2005;Erhan et al 2006b) and hydrolytic stability. The most serious problem is their poor oxidative stability, primarily owing to the presence of bis allylic protons.…”

Physical properties study on partially bio-based lubricant blends: thermally modified soybean oil with popular commercial esters

“…However, because industrial applications call for a variety of applications, a blending strategy must be employed where targeted viscosities can be achieved using a strategy of where the bio-based fluid base stock is mixed with lower viscosity synthetic fluids in order to achieve targeted properties. This strategy also addresses deficiencies in the bio-based material including oxidative degradation (Cosgrove et al 1987, Gunstone 1994, Dunn 2005, Frankel 2005, Colakoglu 2007, Kockritz and Martin 2008 and high pour points (Li et al 2004, Ming et al 2005, Moser et al 2007). The effect of this blending strategy on these properties, and on the viscosity of the blended lubricant, is studied in this report.…”