Linear plasmids among eukaryotes: fundamentals and application

Meinhardt, Friedhelm; Kempken, Frank; Kämper, Jörg; Esser, Karl

doi:10.1007/bf00312851

Cited by 167 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…First, the genes could be encoded by a second DNA in the mitochondrion. Cases of second, or multiple, mtDNAs include linear plasmids in fungi (17), and diverse mtDNAs in the nematode Globdera pallida, each with one or a few genes and much noncoding sequence (18). Neither the fungal plasmids nor any of the sequenced G. pallida mtDNAs contain tRNA genes.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The mitochondrial genome of Paraspadella gotoi is highly reduced and reveals that chaetognaths are a sister group to protostomes

Helfenbein

Fourcade

Vanjani

et al. 2004

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

122

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We report the complete mtDNA sequence from a member of the phylum Chaetognatha (arrow worms). The Paraspadella gotoi mtDNA is highly unusual, missing 23 of the genes commonly found in animal mtDNAs, including atp6, which has otherwise been found universally to be present. Its 14 genes are unusually arranged into two groups, one on each strand. One group is punctuated by numerous noncoding intergenic nucleotides although the other group is tightly packed, having no noncoding nucleotides, leading to speculation that there are two transcription units with differing modes of expression. The phylogenetic position of the Chaetognatha within the Metazoa has long been uncertain, with conflicting or equivocal results from various morphological analyses and rRNA sequence comparisons. Comparisons here of amino acid sequences from mitochondrially encoded proteins give a single most parsimonious tree that supports a position of Chaetognatha as sister to the protostomes studied here. From this analysis, one can more clearly interpret the patterns of evolution of various developmental features, especially regarding the embryological fate of the blastopore. metazoan phylogeny ͉ mitochondria ͉ evolution ͉ gene loss ͉ genome evolution

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The mitochondrial genome of Paraspadella gotoi is highly reduced and reveals that chaetognaths are a sister group to protostomes

Helfenbein

Fourcade

Vanjani

et al. 2004

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

122

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“…The Streptomyces plasmids and chromosomes have specific proteins covalently attached to the 5Ј termini of both DNA strands (reviewed by Meinhardt et al, 1990;Sakaguchi, 1990;Lin et al, 1993;Redenbach et al, 1996), and there are large inverted repeats at the ends of the Streptomycete chromosomes (24-210 kbp repeats) and plasmids (0.04-80 kbp repeats) (Chen, 1996). The few linear Borrelia plasmids that have been studied have covalently closed hairpin ends, with only an imperfect 19 bp inverted repeat at their termini (Barbour and Garon, 1987;Hinnebusch et al, 1990;Kitten and Barbour, 1990;Zhang et al, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Telomeres of the linear chromosomes of Lyme disease spirochaetes: nucleotide sequence and possible exchange with linear plasmid telomeres

Casjens

Murphy

DeLange

et al. 1997

Molecular Microbiology

106

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SummaryBacteria of the spirochaete genus Borrelia have linear chromosomes about 950 kbp in size. We report here that these linear chromosomes have covalently closed hairpin structures at their termini that are similar but not identical to those reported for linear plasmids carried by these organisms. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the chromosomal telomeric regions indicates that unique, apparently functional genes lie within a few hundred bp of each of the telomeres, and that there is an imperfect 26 bp inverted repeat at the two telomeres. In addition, we characterize a major chromosomal length polymorphism within the right telomeric regions of various Borrelia isolates, and show that sequences similar to those near the right telomere are often found on linear plasmids in B. burgdorferi (sensu stricto) isolates from nature. Sequences similar to a number of other regions of the chromosome, including those near the left telomere, were not found on B. burgdorferi plasmids. These observations suggest that there has been historical exchange of genetic information between the linear plasmids and the right end of the linear chromosome.

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“…Linear plasmids with 59 terminally attached proteins (TPs) and terminal inverted repeats (TIRs) have been found in bacteria, plants, filamentous fungi and yeasts, and often within actinomycetes (Griffiths, 1995;Hinnebusch & Tilly, 1993;Meinhardt et al, 1990;Rohe et al, 1992). Actinomycete linear plasmids pSLA1 (17 kb) and pSLA2 (17 kb) were first detected in the lankacidin-producer Streptomyces sp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the Streptomyces lavendulae IMRU 3455 linear plasmid pSLV45

Hosted¹,

Wang²,

Horan³

2004

Microbiology

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Streptomyces lavendulae IMRU 3455 contains two large linear plasmids designated pSLV45 (45 kb) and pSLV195 (195 kb). A cosmid, pSPRX604, containing 42 kb from pSLV45 was cloned and sequenced. pSLV45 was tagged with a hygromycin-resistance marker by homologous recombination to generate the derivatives pSLV45.680 and pSLV45.681. An apramycin-resistance marker was introduced into S. lavendulae IMRU 467 using the pSPR910 integration vector to yield the recipient strain SPW910. The self-transmissible nature of pSLV45 was determined by transfer of pSLV45.680 and pSLV45.681 from the donor strains SPW680 and SPW681 into the recipient strain SPW910. Southern analysis indicated the presence of hygromycin-and pSLV45-hybridizing sequences within SPW910 exconjugants. PFGE analysis confirmed pSLV45.680 and pSLV45.681 were transferred intact and formed freely replicating linear plasmids. Sequence analysis of pSPRX604 revealed genes predicted to be involved in plasmid transfer, partitioning and regulation. The transfer of the linear plasmid pSLV45 from S. lavendulae IMRU 3455 into S. lavendulae IMRU 467 may allow the development of pSLV45 as an actinomycete-to-actinomycete conjugative shuttle vector. INTRODUCTIONLinear plasmids with 59 terminally attached proteins (TPs) and terminal inverted repeats (TIRs) have been found in bacteria, plants, filamentous fungi and yeasts, and often within actinomycetes (Griffiths, 1995;Hinnebusch & Tilly, 1993;Meinhardt et al., 1990;Rohe et al., 1992). Actinomycete linear plasmids pSLA1 (17 kb) and pSLA2 (17 kb) were first detected in the lankacidin-producer Streptomyces sp. 7434-AN4 and in Streptomyces rochei, respectively (Hayakawa et al., 1979;Hirochika & Sakaguchi, 1982;Hirochika et al., 1984). Both plasmids were shown to contain TIRs and TPs (Hirochika & Sakaguchi, 1982;Hirochika et al., 1984). With the advent of PFGE analysis, other actinomycete linear plasmids have been identified including Streptomyces lividans SLP2 (50 kb), Streptomyces clavuligerus pSCL1 (12 kb), Streptomyces avermitilis pSA1 and pSA2 (100 kb and 250 kb), Streptomyces rimosus pZG101 (387 kb), Streptomyces lasaliensis pKSL (520 kb) and Streptomyces coelicolor SCP1 (363 kb) Evans et al., 1994;Gravius et al., 1994;Keen et al., 1988;Kinashi & Shimaji, 1987;Kinashi & Shimaji-Murayama, 1991;Kinashi et al., 1994). All these plasmids were found to contain TIRs and TPs. In addition, both pSLA2 and SLP2 were shown to contain an internal origin of replication for bi-directional replication of DNA (Chang & Cohen, 1994;Chang et al., 1996;Huang et al., 2003).Unlike the chromosomes of most bacteria, which are circular in nature, the chromosomes of actinomycetes are linear (Lezhava et al., 1995;Lin et al., 1993). This was first demonstrated in S. lividans and has now been established for several other actinomycetes including S. coelicolor, Streptomyces griseus and Saccharopolyspora erythraea (formerly Streptomyces erythraeus) (Lezhava et al., 1995;Lin et al., 1993;Reeves et al., 1998). All actinomycete chromosomes characterized to da...

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Linear plasmids among eukaryotes: fundamentals and application

Cited by 167 publications

References 71 publications

The mitochondrial genome of Paraspadella gotoi is highly reduced and reveals that chaetognaths are a sister group to protostomes

The mitochondrial genome of Paraspadella gotoi is highly reduced and reveals that chaetognaths are a sister group to protostomes

Telomeres of the linear chromosomes of Lyme disease spirochaetes: nucleotide sequence and possible exchange with linear plasmid telomeres

Characterization of the Streptomyces lavendulae IMRU 3455 linear plasmid pSLV45

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