Linear model describing three components of flow in karst aquifers using 18O data

Long, Andrew J.; Putnam, Larry D.

doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2004.03.023

Cited by 51 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…In some cases, dripwaters may show the effects of piston flow behaviour whereby distinct parcels of water, representing a series of infiltration events, successively reach the drip, but as discussed in Fairchild et al (in press a) most of the claims for such a A pervasive phenomenon is mixing of water derived from different aquifer compartments, as is demonstrated for example by oxygen isotope data (e.g. Perrin et al, 2003;Long et al, 2004). Smart and Friederich (1986) distinguished the behaviour of drips by plotting the mean discharge of drips against their coefficient of variation and Tooth and Fairchild (2003) developed their concept of aquifer plumbing elements which combined to produce these different behaviours.…”

Section: Karst Aquifer and Water Flow Behaviourmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modification and preservation of environmental signals in speleothems

Fairchild

Smith

Baker

et al. 2006

Earth-Science Reviews

729

506

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Speleothems are primarily studied in order to generate archives of climatic change and results have led to significant advances in identifying and dating major shifts in the climate system. However, the climatological meaning of many speleothem records cannot be interpreted unequivocally; this is particularly so for more subtle shifts and shorter time periods, but the use of multiple proxies and improving understanding of formation mechanisms offers a clear way forward.An explicit description of speleothem records as time series draws attention to the nature and importance of the signal filtering processes by which the weather, the seasons and longer-term climatic and other environmental fluctuations become encoded in speleothems. We distinguish five sources of variation that influence speleothem geochemistry: atmospheric, vegetation/soil, karstic aquifer, primary speleothem crystal growth and secondary alteration and give specific examples of their influence. The direct role of climate diminishes progressively through these five factors.We identify and review a number of processes identified in recent and current work that bear significantly on the conventional interpretation of speleothem records, for example: 1) speleothem geochemistry can vary seasonally and hence a research need is to establish the proportion of growth attributable to different seasons and whether this varies over time.2) whereas there has traditionally been a focus on monthly mean δ 18 O data of atmospheric moisture, current work emphasizes the importance of understanding the synoptic processes that lead to characteristic isotope signals, since changing relative abundance of different weather types might 1 Corresponding author, fax +44(0)1214145528, E-mail: i.j.fairchild@bham.ac.uk control their variation on the longer-term. 3) the ecosystem and soil zone overlying the cave fundamentally imprint the carbon and trace element signals and can show characteristic variations with time. 4) new modelling on aquifer plumbing allows quantification of the effects of aquifer mixing. 5) recent work has emphasized the importance and seasonal variability of CO 2 -degassing leading to calcite precipitation upflow of a depositional site on carbon isotope and trace element composition of speleothems. 6) Although much is known about the chemical partitioning between water and stalagmites, variability in relation to crystal growth mechanisms and kinetics is a research frontier. 7) Aragonite is susceptible to conversion to calcite with major loss of chemical information, but the controls on the rate of this process are obscure.Analytical factors are critical to generate high-resolution speleothem records. A variety of methods of trace element analysis are available, but standardization is a common problem with the most rapid methods. New stable isotope data on Irish stalagmite CC3 compares rapid laser-ablation techniques with the conventional analysis of micromilled powders and ion microprobe methods. A high degree of comparability between techniques ...

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Section: Karst Aquifer and Water Flow Behaviourmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modification and preservation of environmental signals in speleothems

Fairchild

Smith

Baker

et al. 2006

Earth-Science Reviews

729

506

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“…The varieties of flow paths that characterize karst aquifers create a range of residence times for water from hours (Martin and Dean, 2001) to decades (Long and Putnam, 2004;. These differences in residence times influence the chemical evolution of water, both in the water's major element chemistry through carbonate mineral reactions (e.g.…”

Section: What Are the Mechanisms That Control The Chemical Evolution mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Modeling geochemical and hydrologic signals and responses is particularly effective in karst aquifers through applications such as lumped-parameter modeling (deconvolution) and frequency or wavelet analyses (Long and Putnam, 2004;Massei et al, 2006). These methods are useful for understanding and quantifying geochemical and physical processes of karst systems, particularly those related to conduit and diffuse flow.…”

Section: Integrate Geochemical and Physical Information To Enhance Cumentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such approaches can be complemented by using geochemical tracer methods in conjunction with lumped-parameter, physicsbased, and/or mathematical (e.g. stochastic-based) hydrological modeling (Dreiss, 1983;1989; Bonacci 1993; Eisenlohr et al., 1997; Halihan and Wicks, 1998; Jeannin, 2001;Long and Putnam, 2004). These methods are useful for understanding the complex dynamics of karst systems and quantifying the different flow components (Figs.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…C and CFC's, and (ii) new approaches to model the age information, has much potential (Long and Putnam, 2004;in prep. ; Fig.…”

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Frontiers of Karst Research: Proceedings and recommendations of the workshop held in San Antonio, Texas on 3-5 May 2007. Karst Waters Institute Special Publication 13

White¹,

Martin²

2009

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The public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information.Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggesstions for reducing this burden, to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington VA, 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to any oenalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. PLEASE DO NOT RETURN YOUR FORM TO THE ABOVE ADDRESS. a. REPORT Frontiers of Karst Research Karst Waters Institute Special Publication 1314. ABSTRACT SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF:This project was a Workshop, held in San Antonio, Texas, May 3-5, 2007. The objective of the workshop was to assess the current state of knowledge of karst aquifers, caves, and the broader scientific values that could be derived from their study. The term "karst" is used to describe landscapes underlain by soluble rocks and as a result has developed landforms such as sinkholes, sinking streams, and caves. Such landscapes have special environmental hazards such as contaminated water supplies, sinkhole collapses, and other land instability. The caves that underlie such landscapes offer special opportunities for studies of biodiversity and species evolution in cave organisms. Cave deposits are being rapidly developed as archives U REPORT DATE (DD-MM-YYYY) TITLE AND SUBTITLE 08-01-200913. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES The views, opinions and/or findings contained in this report are those of the author(s) and should not contrued as an official Department of the Army position, policy or decision, unless so designated by other documentation. Frontiers of Karst Research Karst Waters Institute Special Publication 13Report Title ABSTRACTThis project was a Workshop, held in San Antonio, Texas, May 3-5, 2007. The objective of the workshop was to assess the current state of knowledge of karst aquifers, caves, and the broader scientific values that could be derived from their study. The term "karst" is used to describe landscapes underlain by soluble rocks and as a result has developed landforms such as sinkholes, sinking streams, and caves. Such landscapes have special environmental hazards such as contaminated water supplies, sinkhole collapses, and other land instability. The caves that underlie such landscapes offer special opportunities for studies of biodiversity and species evolution in cave organisms. Cave deposits are being rapidly developed as archives for paleoclimatic information that extends from the present back into the ice ages. The description of ground water flow and contaminant transport in karst aquifers require advanced method...

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Karst water resources in a changing world: Review of hydrological modeling approaches

et al. 2014

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Karst regions represent 7–12% of the Earth's continental area, and about one quarter of the global population is completely or partially dependent on drinking water from karst aquifers. Climate simulations project a strong increase in temperature and a decrease of precipitation in many karst regions in the world over the next decades. Despite this potentially bleak future, few studies specifically quantify the impact of climate change on karst water resources. This review provides an introduction to karst, its evolution, and its particular hydrological processes. We explore different conceptual models of karst systems and how they can be translated into numerical models of varying complexity and therefore varying data requirements and depths of process representation. We discuss limitations of current karst models and show that at the present state, we face a challenge in terms of data availability and information content of the available data. We conclude by providing new research directions to develop and evaluate better prediction models to address the most challenging problems of karst water resources management, including opportunities for data collection and for karst model applications at so far unprecedented scales.

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Linear model describing three components of flow in karst aquifers using 18O data

Cited by 51 publications

References 15 publications

Modification and preservation of environmental signals in speleothems

Modification and preservation of environmental signals in speleothems

Frontiers of Karst Research: Proceedings and recommendations of the workshop held in San Antonio, Texas on 3-5 May 2007. Karst Waters Institute Special Publication 13

Karst water resources in a changing world: Review of hydrological modeling approaches

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