Linear generator technologies for wave energy conversion applications: A review

Faiad, Azza A.; Gowaid, I. A.

doi:10.1109/upec.2018.8542007

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…AIL transmission system (RTS) is a type of high-capacity transmission system built for long-distance travel application. Eliminating the transmission device, linear machines (LM) have benefits of faster dynamic performance, lower noise, and higher efficiency comparing with its rotary counterparts and provide a better solution for RTS [1] [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Force Ripple Reduction of a Fractional Pole Pair Complementary Modularized Variable Reluctance Linear Machine for Long Stroke Application

Li¹,

Niu²,

Zhao³

et al. 2023

IEEE Trans. Transp. Electrific.

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Variable reluctance linear machine (VRLM), which takes advantages of magnet free, simple structure and low cost, is one of the emerging candidates for long stroke application. However, due to the abundant harmonics in the air gap, the conventional modular linear machine suffered from thrust ripple which leads to vibration and acoustic noise problem. The thrust force ripple in VRLM is mainly caused by higher-order harmonics in the induced voltage and detent force. To furtherly suppress the oddorder harmonics in the induced voltage and detent force, a fractional pole-pair unequal module arrangement (FP-UMA) design, in which the distances of adjacent modularized mover segments are not equal, is proposed to VRLM and collaborated with complementary structure in this paper. The key is that the modularized movers are artificially designed to be unequally distributed regarding to spatial distribution to eliminate the odd-order harmonics in the induced voltage along with the thrust ripples they caused based on the quantitative analysis on the thrust ripple components. It is revealed that, with the proposed FP-UMA design, the thrust ripple ratio of the machine has been effectively relieved from 4.6% to 2.2% under copper loss of 450W. Further, some design guidelines for the proposed machine, such as position offset of modularized mover m2, DC loss ratio kdc and slot pole combinations are discussed. In addition, the feasibility of the proposed design method is evaluated by finite element method as well as experiments.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Force Ripple Reduction of a Fractional Pole Pair Complementary Modularized Variable Reluctance Linear Machine for Long Stroke Application

Li¹,

Niu²,

Zhao³

et al. 2023

IEEE Trans. Transp. Electrific.

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“…WECs can also be distinguished in two wide categories through the power conversion system used, namely direct and indirect conversion systems. Direct conversion systems transform the energy captured by the WECs into useful energy in a single step as, for instance, the linear electric generator [7][8][9][10]. On the other hand, indirect conversion systems transform the energy coming from the WECs in two or more steps, for example, a system of air turbine coupled with a rotary electric generator that transforms the energy captured by an oscillating water column into electricity [11][12][13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to the principle of operation of the linear generators and the oscillating conditions of ocean waves, these devices are large, which makes their construction more expensive [7,8,[16][17][18][19]. A description of the different technologies of linear generators used for the conversion of wave energy is presented in [9,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laboratory Characterization of a Liquid Metal MHD Generator for Ocean Wave Energy Conversion

et al. 2021

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Harnessing ocean wave energy is an old challenge that has gained momentum in recent years. In this paper, we present the flow and electrical characterization of a prototype of an alternate liquid metal magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) generator at a laboratory scale which has the potential to make use of the energy of marine waves for its conversion into electrical energy. The eutectic alloy Galinstan, used as a working fluid, was driven in oscillatory motion in a duct of a rectangular cross-section exposed to a transverse magnetic field generated by permanent neodymium magnets. The electric current induced by the motion of the liquid metal in the magnetic field was collected through copper electrodes and delivered to the load. The oscillatory axial velocity component along the duct was measured using ultrasonic Doppler velocimetry for different oscillation frequencies. In turn, the output currents and voltages were measured for different operation conditions and the electric power and efficiency were estimated from experimental measurements. The coupling of this generator to a wave energy converter (WEC) is discussed.

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“…The use of permanent magnets in LPMG also brings simpler construction yet high flux density [31]. Excellent reviews related to the WEC using LPMG can be found in [32,33].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of Linear Generator Designs for Direct Drive Wave Energy Converter under Unidirectional Long-Crested Random Waves

2021

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For generating electricity, direct-drive wave energy converters (WECs) with linear permanent magnet generators (LPMGs) have advantages in terms of efficiency, simplicity, and force-to-weight ratio over WEC with rotary generators. However, the converter’s work under approaching-real wave conditions should be investigated. This paper studies the performance of a pico-scale WEC with two different LPMGs under unidirectional long-crested random waves. Different significant wave heights (using data in the Southern Ocean of Yogyakarta, Indonesia) and peak frequencies are tested. The JONSWAP energy spectrum is used to extract the wave elevations, while the MSS toolbox in MATLAB Simulink is employed to solve the floater’s dynamic responses. Next, the translator movements are extracted and combined with the flux distribution from FEMM simulation and analytical calculation, and the output powers are obtained. An experiment is conducted to test the output under constant speed. The results show for both designs, different tested significant wave height values produce higher output powers than peak frequency variation, but there is no specific trend on them. Meanwhile, the peak frequency is inversely proportional to the output power. Elimination of the non-facing events results in increasing output power under both parameters’ variation, with higher significant wave height resulting in a bigger increase. The semi iron-cored LPMG produces lower power loss and higher efficiency.

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Linear generator technologies for wave energy conversion applications: A review

Cited by 9 publications

References 34 publications

Force Ripple Reduction of a Fractional Pole Pair Complementary Modularized Variable Reluctance Linear Machine for Long Stroke Application

Force Ripple Reduction of a Fractional Pole Pair Complementary Modularized Variable Reluctance Linear Machine for Long Stroke Application

Laboratory Characterization of a Liquid Metal MHD Generator for Ocean Wave Energy Conversion

Performance of Linear Generator Designs for Direct Drive Wave Energy Converter under Unidirectional Long-Crested Random Waves

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