Linear carbon chains encapsulated in multiwall carbon nanotubes: Resonance Raman spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy studies

Andrade, N. F.; Vasconcelos, Thiago L.; Gouvêa, C.P.; Archanjo, Bráulio S.; Achete, Carlos A.; Kim, Yoong Ahm; Endo, Morinobu; Fantini, C.; Dresselhaus, M. S.; Filho, A. G. Souza

doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2015.04.001

Cited by 72 publications

(62 citation statements)

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“…Long linear carbon chains encapsulated in MWCNTs and DWCNTs have been reported previously [37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45]. In the present study, carbon chains encapsulated not only in DWCNTs but also in SWCNTs were observed, as previously reported [46].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

“…On the other hand, linear carbon chains in carbon nanotubes are characterized by a Raman band in the 1780-1870 cm −1 range, which has been termed the L band, and which is associated with C-C stretching-mode vibrations [37-40, 42-45, 48, 49]. The broad peak at around 600 cm −1 is also related to the linear carbon chains, because this peak is detected only when the L band is observed [40,48,49]. There may be a possibility that the lower frequency peak at 600 cm −1 is attributed to bending modes of sp linear structures [50].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Isolated long linear atomic carbon chains have not yet been observed under ambient conditions because of their high chemical reactivity and extreme instability. However, it has been reported that there is the possibility to grow such chains in multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) by the arc discharge method in hydrogen gas [37], liquid nitrogen [38,39], argon gas [40], or helium gas [41,42]. Carbon chains have also been fabricated by the high-temperature fusion reaction of molecules such as C 10 H 2 [43] and adamantane [44] within double-wall carbon nanotubes (DWCNTs), whose linear cavity can provide a space for encapsulating and stabilizing long linear carbon chains.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Raman spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy of long linear atomic carbon chains generated by field electron emission accompanied with electrical discharge of carbon nanotube films

2019

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Carbyne is a carbon allotrope whose structure is a one-dimensional chain of sp-hybridized carbon atoms. Carbyne's mechanical and electrical properties, as predicted by theoretical studies, have attracted great interest because they would lead to many promising applications. Thus, much effort has been devoted to the synthesis of carbyne. Long linear atomic carbon chains encapsulated in carbon nanotubes have recently been produced by high-temperature heat treatment of double-wall carbon nanotubes (DWCNTs). Here, we present an alternative approach to produce long linear carbon chains: field electron emission accompanied by electrical discharge from single-wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) films. Raman spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy were performed on SWCNT films after the electrical discharge during field electron emission. The results showed that a large number of long linear carbon chains were formed within the SWCNTs and DWCNTs. For DWCNTs with an inner diameter of 0.7 nm, the atomic carbon chains lay directly along the central tube axis. However, for SWCNTs with an inner diameter of 1.0 nm, the encapsulated carbon chains were bent in some places and positioned close to the nanotube wall, away from the central tube axis.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Raman spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy of long linear atomic carbon chains generated by field electron emission accompanied with electrical discharge of carbon nanotube films

2019

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“…When inspecting this tape, the nanotube purity with regard to nanoparticles was found to be Unfortunately, there was no scientific discussion on the growth mechanism of LCCs within the hollow core of the innermost tube, even though experimental evidence on the presence of LCCs inside MWCNTs was reported [17,21,22,28]. Initially, it was believed that a simultaneous growth of LCCs within MWCNTs is highly probable because LCCs should be perfectly encapsulated by the protective carbon layers, due to the high chemical reactivity of LCCs [14].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One is by attaching giant molecules on the end sites [15], and the other by encapsulating LCCs in the hollow core of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) (e.g., single-, double-and multi-walled carbon nanotubes, SWCNTs, DWCNTs and MWCNTs) [16][17][18][19][20]. The systematic TEM and Raman studies on arc-grown MWCNTs clearly showed the presence of LCCs inside the CNTs [21]. In addition, in-situ Raman studies revealed that LCCs could be interconnecting CNTs by high pressure [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Linear carbon chains inside multi-walled carbon nanotubes: Growth mechanism, thermal stability and electrical properties

Kang

Fujisawa

et al. 2016

Carbon

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Linear carbon chains (LCCs) consisting of sp-hybridized carbon atoms are considered a fascinating 1D system and could be used in the fabrication of the next-generation molecular devices because of its ideal linear atomic nature. A large portion of long LCCs inside multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were synthesized by atmospheric arc discharge in the presence of boron. Closed-end growth of MWCNTs in the arc process is suggested as a critical condition for the simultaneous growth of LCCs within the inner cores of carbon nanotubes. The strong Raman line around 1850 cm-1 was used to characterize the degree of *Manuscript Click here to view linked References

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Unraveling the Excitonic Transition and Associated Dynamics in Confined Long Linear Carbon Chains with Time‐Resolved Resonance Raman Scattering

Zhu

Bernhardt

Cui

et al. 2021

Laser & Photonics Reviews

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Long linear carbon chains are attracting intense interest arising from their remarkable properties, such as the tunable direct energy gap, the high mechanical hardness, and the high Raman response cross section, which would play a great role in their potential applications in future nanotechnology. Here the excitonic transitions and the associated relaxation dynamics of nanotube confined long linear carbon chains are comprehensively interrogated by using steady state and time‐resolved Raman spectroscopies. The exciton relaxation dynamics of the confined carbon chains occurs on a hundred of picoseconds timescale, in strong contrast to the host dynamics that occurs on a few picoseconds’ timescale. A prominent time‐resolved Raman response is observed over a broad energy range extending from 1.2 to 2.8 eV, which includes the strong Raman resonance region around 2.2 eV. Strong coupling between the chain and the nanotube host is found from the dynamics at high excitation energies which provides clear evidence for an efficient energy transfer from the host carbon nanotube to the chain. The experimental study presents the first unique characterization of the long linear carbon chain exciton dynamics, providing indispensable knowledge for the understanding of the interactions between different carbon allotropes.

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Linear carbon chains encapsulated in multiwall carbon nanotubes: Resonance Raman spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy studies

Cited by 72 publications

References 50 publications

Raman spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy of long linear atomic carbon chains generated by field electron emission accompanied with electrical discharge of carbon nanotube films

Raman spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy of long linear atomic carbon chains generated by field electron emission accompanied with electrical discharge of carbon nanotube films

Linear carbon chains inside multi-walled carbon nanotubes: Growth mechanism, thermal stability and electrical properties

Unraveling the Excitonic Transition and Associated Dynamics in Confined Long Linear Carbon Chains with Time‐Resolved Resonance Raman Scattering

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