Linear and Nonlinear Analysis of Fetal Heart Rate Variability

Gonçalves, Hernâni; Ayres-de-Campos, Diogo; Bernardes, João

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-22023-9_7

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…FHR monitoring is conventionally used during late pregnancy and in labor (Gonçalves, Ayres‐de‐Campos, & Bernardes, ). The effect of fetal gender in FHR and its variability has been subject of several studies, but the reported results are contradictory (Bernardes, Gonçalves, Ayres‐de‐Campos, & Rocha, ; Dawes, Dawes, Moulden, & Redman, ; DiPietro, Hodgson, Costigan, Hilton, & Johnson, ; Lange, Van Leeuwen, Geue, Hatzmann, & Grönemeyer, ; Oguch & Steer, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous monitoring of maternal and fetal heart rate variability during labor in relation with fetal gender

Gonçalves

Fernandes

Pinto

et al. 2017

Developmental Psychobiology

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Male gender is considered a risk factor for several adverse perinatal outcomes. Fetal gender effect on fetal heart rate (FHR) has been subject of several studies with contradictory results. The importance of maternal heart rate (MHR) monitoring during labor has also been investigated, but less is known about the effect of fetal gender on MHR. The aim of this study is to simultaneously assess maternal and FHR variability during labor in relation with fetal gender. Simultaneous MHR and FHR recordings were obtained from 44 singleton term pregnancies during the last 2 hr of labor (H H ). Heart rate tracings were analyzed using linear (time- and frequency-domain) and nonlinear indices. Both linear and nonlinear components were considered in assessing FHR and MHR interaction, including cross-sample entropy (cross-SampEn). Mothers carrying male fetuses (n = 22) had significantly higher values for linear indices related with MHR average and variability and sympatho-vagal balance, while the opposite occurred in the high-frequency component and most nonlinear indices. Significant differences in FHR were only observed in H with higher entropy values in female fetuses. Assessing the differences between FHR and MHR, statistically significant differences were obtained in most nonlinear indices between genders. A significantly higher cross-SampEn was observed in mothers carrying female fetuses (n = 22), denoting lower synchrony or similarity between MHR and FHR. The variability of MHR and the synchrony/similarity between MHR and FHR vary with respect to fetal gender during labor. These findings suggest that fetal gender needs to be taken into account when simultaneously monitoring MHR and FHR.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous monitoring of maternal and fetal heart rate variability during labor in relation with fetal gender

Gonçalves

Fernandes

Pinto

et al. 2017

Developmental Psychobiology

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“…Given that FHR patterns embed nonlinear dynamics (Choi and Hoh, 2015 ; Gonçalves et al, 2016 ), a study by Signorini et al ( 2003 ) utilized an integrated approach of linear (autoregressive spectral power) and nonlinear [approximate entropy (ApEn)] models. The results evidence that examination of both signal variability and regularity seems to has potential to underline pathological conditions e.g., higher ApEn value represents increased irregularity, and lower LF power corresponds to the reduced contribution of the neural sympathetic drive under the pathological FHR.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Strategy for Classification of “Vaginal vs. Cesarean Section” Delivery: Bivariate Empirical Mode Decomposition of Cardiotocographic Recordings

et al. 2019

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We propose objective and robust measures for the purpose of classification of “vaginal vs. cesarean section” delivery by investigating temporal dynamics and complex interactions between fetal heart rate (FHR) and maternal uterine contraction (UC) recordings from cardiotocographic (CTG) traces. Multivariate extension of empirical mode decomposition (EMD) yields intrinsic scales embedded in UC-FHR recordings while also retaining inter-channel (UC-FHR) coupling at multiple scales. The mode alignment property of EMD results in the matched signal decomposition, in terms of frequency content, which paves the way for the selection of robust and objective time-frequency features for the problem at hand. Specifically, instantaneous amplitude and instantaneous frequency of multivariate intrinsic mode functions are utilized to construct a class of features which capture nonlinear and nonstationary interactions from UC-FHR recordings. The proposed features are fed to a variety of modern machine learning classifiers (decision tree, support vector machine, AdaBoost) to delineate vaginal and cesarean dynamics. We evaluate the performance of different classifiers on a real world dataset by investigating the following classifying measures: sensitivity, specificity, area under the ROC curve (AUC) and mean squared error (MSE). It is observed that under the application of all proposed 40 features AdaBoost classifier provides the best accuracy of 91.8% sensitivity, 95.5% specificity, 98% AUC, and 5% MSE. To conclude, the utilization of all proposed time-frequency features as input to machine learning classifiers can benefit clinical obstetric practitioners through a robust and automatic approach for the classification of fetus dynamics.

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“…Where SE is SampEn values in each time scale ( i ), and N is the total number of time scales ( Busa and van Emmerik, 2016 ). Although most linear and nonlinear indices have been extensively utilized within the fHRV ( Gonçalves et al, 2016 ), assessing the C i is particularly noteworthy due to its straightforward computational approach. Moreover, the distinction between short- and long-term scales has yet to be investigated in the context of preeclampsia and labor, making this approach novel and potentially relevant in the field.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of fetal heart rate fluctuations in women diagnosed with preeclampsia during the latent phase of labor

Lucero-Orozco,

Reyes-Lagos,

Ortíz-Pedroza

et al. 2024

Front. Physiol.

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IntroductionFetal heart rate variability (fHRV) is a tool used to investigate the functioning of the fetal autonomic nervous system. Despite the significance of preeclampsia, fHRV during the latent phase of labor has not been extensively studied. This study aimed to evaluate fetal cardiac autonomic activity by using linear and nonlinear indices of fHRV analysis in women diagnosed with preeclampsia without hypertensive treatment during gestation, compared to normotensive women during the latent phase of labor.MethodsA cross-sectional and exploratory study was conducted among pregnant women in the latent phase of labor, forming three study groups: normotensive or control (C, 38.8 ± 1.3 weeks of pregnancy, n = 22), preeclampsia with moderate features (P, 37.6 ± 1.4 weeks of pregnancy n = 10), and preeclampsia with severe features (SP, 36.9 ± 1.2 weeks of pregnancy, n = 12). None of the participants received anti-hypertensive treatment during their pregnancy. Linear and nonlinear features of beat-to-beat fHRV, including temporal, frequency, symbolic dynamics, and entropy measures, were analyzed to compare normotensive and preeclamptic groups.ResultsSignificantly lower values of multiscale entropy (MSE) and short-term complexity index (Ci) were observed in the preeclamptic groups compared to the C group (p < 0.05). Additionally, higher values of SDNN (standard deviation of R-R intervals) and higher values of low-frequency power (LF) were found in the P group compared to the C group.ConclusionOur findings indicate that changes in the complexity of fetal heart rate fluctuations may indicate possible disruptions in the autonomic nervous system of fetuses in groups affected by undiagnosed preeclampsia during pregnancy. Reduced complexity and shifts in fetal autonomic cardiac activity could be associated with preeclampsia’s pathophysiological mechanisms during the latent phase of labor.

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Linear and Nonlinear Analysis of Fetal Heart Rate Variability

Cited by 6 publications

References 40 publications

Simultaneous monitoring of maternal and fetal heart rate variability during labor in relation with fetal gender

Simultaneous monitoring of maternal and fetal heart rate variability during labor in relation with fetal gender

A Strategy for Classification of “Vaginal vs. Cesarean Section” Delivery: Bivariate Empirical Mode Decomposition of Cardiotocographic Recordings

Analysis of fetal heart rate fluctuations in women diagnosed with preeclampsia during the latent phase of labor

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