6.1.2. Introduction 6.1.3. Experimental section 6.1.4. Results and discussion 6.1.4.1.Synthesis of the pseudopeptidic macrocycles 6.1.4.2.Evaluation of the macrocyclic systems as catalysts under homogenous conditions 6.1.4.3.Immobilization of the macrocycles on hydrophobic supports 6.1.4.4.Heterogenous catalysis experiments 6.1.5. Conclusions 6.1.6. References 6.2. Supporting information 7. Chapter 7 -Highly Active and Enantioselective Multifunctional One-Component Supramolecular Catalysts for the Cycloaddition of CO2 to Epoxides 7.1. Main text 7.1.1. Abstract 7.1.2. Introduction 7.1.3. Experimental section 7.1.4. Results and discussion 7.1.5. Conclusions 7.1.6. References 7.2. Supporting information 8. Chapter 8 -Doubly Chiral Pseudopeptidic Macrobicyclic Molecular cages: Water-assisted Dynamic Covalent Self-Assembly and Chiral Self-sorting 8.1. Main text 8.1.1. Abstract 8.1.2. Introduction Pseudopeptidic Macrocyclic Systems with Preorganized Cavities 36 8.1.3. Experimental section 8.1.4. Results and discussion 8.1.4.1. Synthesis and characterisation of the pseudopeptidic cryptands 8.1.4.2. Competition studies with the parent achiral component TREN 8.1.4.3. Effect of the sidechain in the self-sorting between components 8.1.4.4. Effect of component chirality in the self-sorting processes 8.1.5. Conclusions 8.1.6. References 8.2. Supporting information 9. Chapter 9 -Unravelling the Supramolecular Driving Forces in the Formation of CO2-Responsive Pseudopeptidic Low Molecular Weight Hydrogelators 9.1. Main text 9.1.1. Abstract 9.1.2. Introduction 9.1.3. Experimental section 9.1.4. Results and discussion 9.1.4.1. Synthesis of the pseudopeptidic compounds and gelation properties as LMWGs 9.1.4.2. Supramolecular driving forces 9.1.4.3. CO2 stimulus responsiveness 9.1.5. Conclusions 9.1.6. References 9.2. Supporting information 10. Chapter 10 -Conclusions Chapter 1 General Introduction Chapter 1 38 1.1. Supramolecular chemistry Supramolecular chemistry is a relatively recent domain of chemistry, frequently defined as the "non-covalent chemistry" or the "chemistry beyond molecules". 1 These non-covalent interactions are comparatively weaker than covalent bonds, although they have been proved to be essential in a wide range of fundamental biological functions. 2 Supramolecular interactions include, among others, electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bonding, van der Waals forces, π-interactions, hydrophobic interactions or halogen bonding. 3However, before delving further into this topic, it is important to set the discovery of these interactions in their historical background. At the end of the nineteenth century, the forces between molecules were being studied by authors such as J. D. van der Waals (Nobel Prize in Physics in 1910) and H. E. Fischer (Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1902). In 1894, Fischer postulated the fundamental roots of supramolecular chemistry when he suggested that substrate-enzyme interactions could be defined in terms of the "lock and key" principle, paving the way for understanding host-guest chemist...