Linear Acceleration Modulates the Nystagmus Induced by Angular Acceleration Stimulation of the Horizontal Canal<sup>a</sup>

Curthoys, Ian S.; Wearne, Susan L.; Dai, Mingjia; Hálmagyi, G. Michael; Holden, John

doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1992.tb25249.x

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…These data indicate that the head position at which maximal velocity OKAN II occurs is essentially learned. Similar effects have been observed in humans and monkeys during head roll-tilt following eccentric rotation-induced decreases in post-rotatory nystagmus and optokinetic afternystagmus (Schrader et al 1985; Wearne et al 1999; Curthoys et al 1992; Holly et al 2008). …”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 63%

“…Previous studies emphasized the orientation of gravitoinertial acceleration (GIA) in roll plane as an influence on vestibulo-ocular responses (Curthoys et al 1992; Wearne et al 1999). However, this view is not consistent with our findings.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Eccentric rotation of humans evokes increased gain of the VOR when the humans face changes in motion orientation as opposed to when they reversed their orientation and faced away from the increased motion. This suggests that in forward eccentric movement, the external inclination of GIA would potentiate the vestibulo-ocular reflex (Curthoys et al 1992). Given this observation, one would expect that during centric rotation, head tilting in the opposite direction should inhibit the VOR.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Head position modulates optokinetic nystagmus

Pettorossi¹,

Ferraresi²,

Botti³

et al. 2011

Exp Brain Res

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Orientation and movement relies on both visual and vestibular information mapped in separate coordinate systems. Here, we examine how coordinate systems interact to guide eye movements of rabbits. We exposed rabbits to continuous horizontal optokinetic stimulation (HOKS) at 5°/s to evoke horizontal eye movements, while they were statically or dynamically roll-tilted about the longitudinal axis. During monocular or binocular HOKS, when the rabbit was roll-tilted 30° onto the side of the eye stimulated in the posterior → anterior (P → A) direction, slow phase eye velocity (SPEV) increased by 3.5–5°/s. When the rabbit was roll-tilted 30° onto the side of the eye stimulated in the A → P direction, SPEV decreased to ~2.5°/s. We also tested the effect of roll-tilt after prolonged optokinetic stimulation had induced a negative optokinetic afternystagmus (OKAN II). In this condition, the SPEV occurred in the dark, “open loop.” Modulation of SPEV of OKAN II depended on the direction of the nystagmus and was consistent with that observed during “closed loop” HOKS. Dynamic roll-tilt influenced SPEV evoked by HOKS in a similar way. The amplitude and the phase of SPEV depended on the frequency of vestibular oscillation and on HOKS velocity. We conclude that the change in the linear acceleration of the gravity vector with respect to the head during roll-tilt modulates the gain of SPEV depending on its direction. This modulation improves gaze stability at different image retinal slip velocities caused by head roll-tilt during centric or eccentric head movement.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 63%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Head position modulates optokinetic nystagmus

Pettorossi¹,

Ferraresi²,

Botti³

et al. 2011

Exp Brain Res

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“…At the central level, findings concerning the changes to vestibular perception with age are consistent: there is no effect of age on self-motion perception ( 17 , 18 ), but there is an increase in the variability of the perception threshold ( 19 ). In that context, it is also interesting that there is a very large literature on canal-otolith interaction – demonstrating that modulating otolithic input modifies canal-induced nystagmus and also canal-induced subjective sensations ( 20 , 21 ). The neural basis for that interaction is also well established – convergence of otolith neurons onto second order canal neurons ( 22 , 23 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Absence of Rotation Perception during Warm Water Caloric Irrigation in Some Seniors with Postural Instability

et al. 2016

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Falls in seniors are a major public health problem. Falls lead to fear of falling, reduced mobility, and decreased quality of life. Vestibular dysfunction is one of the fall risk factors. The relationship between objective measures of vestibular responses and age has been studied. However, the effects of age on vestibular perception during caloric stimulation have not been studied. Twenty senior subjects were included in the study, and separated in two groups: 10 seniors reporting postural instability (PI) and exhibiting absence of vestibular perception when they tested with caloric stimulation and 10 sex- and age-matched seniors with no such problems (controls). We assessed vestibular perception on a binary rating scale during the warm irrigation of the caloric test. The function of the various vestibular receptors was assessed using video head impulse test (vHIT), caloric tests, and cervical and ocular vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials. The Equitest was used to evaluate balance. No horizontal canal dysfunction assessed using both caloric test and vHIT was detected in either group. No significant difference was detected between PI and control groups for the peak SPV of caloric-induced ocular nystagmus or for the HVOR gain. All the controls perceived rotation when the maximal SPV during warm irrigation was equal to or ≥15°/s. None of the subjects in the PI group perceived rotation even while the peak SPV exceeded 15°/s, providing objective evidence of normal peripheral horizontal canal function. All the PI group had abnormal Equitest results, particularly in the two last conditions. These investigations show for the first time that vestibular perception can be absent during a caloric test despite normal horizontal canal function. We call this as dissociation vestibular neglect. Patients with poor vestibular perception may not be aware of postural perturbations and so will not correct for them. Thus, falls in the elderly may result, among other factors, from a vestibular neglect due to an inappropriate central processing of normal vestibular peripheral inputs. That is, failure to perceive rotation during caloric testing when the SPV is >15°/s, should prompt the clinician to envisage preventive actions to avoid future falls such as rehabilitation.

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“…Movement in a gravitational environment induces combined linear and angular accelerations of the head in space, concurrently activating the linear and angular vestibuloocular reflexes (lVOR and aVOR). Off-axis rotation, or centrifugation, which induces concomitant centripetal and angular accelerations, has been used extensively to study aVOR and lVOR interaction (Angelaki and Anderson 1991a,b;Angelaki et al 1991;Crampton 1966;Curthoys et al 1992;Lansberg et al 1965;Merfeld 1990Merfeld , 1995Merfeld and Young 1995;Merfeld et al 1991Merfeld et al , 1993Sargent and Paige 1991;Wearne 1993;Young 1967). Sargent and Paige (1991) tested monkeys with sinusoidal centrifugation to determine whether the aVOR and lVOR responses superpose.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Tilt of the Gravito-Inertial Acceleration Vector on the Angular Vestibuloocular Reflex During Centrifugation

Wearne

Raphan

Cohen

1999

Journal of Neurophysiology

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Effects of tilt of the gravito-inertial acceleration vector on the angular vestibuloocular reflex during centrifugation. Interaction of the horizontal linear and angular vestibuloocular reflexes (lVOR and aVOR) was studied in rhesus and cynomolgus monkeys during centered rotation and off-center rotation at a constant velocity (centrifugation). During centered rotation, the eye velocity vector was aligned with the axis of rotation, which was coincident with the direction of gravity. Facing and back to motion centrifugation tilted the resultant of gravity and linear acceleration, gravito-inertial acceleration (GIA), inducing cross-coupled vertical components of eye velocity. These components were upward when facing motion and downward when back to motion and caused the axis of eye velocity to reorient from alignment with the body yaw axis toward the tilted GIA. A major finding was that horizontal time constants were asymmetric in each monkey, generally being longer when associated with downward than upward cross coupling. Because of these asymmetries, accurate estimates of the contribution of the horizontal lVOR could not be obtained by simply subtracting horizontal eye velocity profiles during facing and back to motion centrifugation. Instead, it was necessary to consider the effects of GIA tilts on velocity storage before attempting to estimate the horizontal lVOR. In each monkey, the horizontal time constant of optokinetic after-nystagmus (OKAN) was reduced as a function of increasing head tilt with respect to gravity. When variations in horizontal time constant as a function of GIA tilt were included in the aVOR model, the rising and falling phases of horizontal eye velocity during facing and back to motion centrifugation were closely predicted, and the estimated contribution of the compensatory lVOR was negligible. Beating fields of horizontal eye position were unaffected by the presence or magnitude of linear acceleration during centrifugation. These conclusions were evaluated in animals in which the low-frequency aVOR was abolished by canal plugging, isolating the contribution of the lVOR. Postoperatively, the animals had normal ocular counterrolling and horizontal eye velocity modulation during off-vertical axis rotation (OVAR), suggesting that the otoliths were intact. No measurable horizontal eye velocity was elicited by centrifugation with angular accelerations

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Linear Acceleration Modulates the Nystagmus Induced by Angular Acceleration Stimulation of the Horizontal Canal^a

Cited by 15 publications

References 4 publications

Head position modulates optokinetic nystagmus

Head position modulates optokinetic nystagmus

Absence of Rotation Perception during Warm Water Caloric Irrigation in Some Seniors with Postural Instability

Effects of Tilt of the Gravito-Inertial Acceleration Vector on the Angular Vestibuloocular Reflex During Centrifugation

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Linear Acceleration Modulates the Nystagmus Induced by Angular Acceleration Stimulation of the Horizontal Canala

Cited by 15 publications

References 4 publications

Head position modulates optokinetic nystagmus

Head position modulates optokinetic nystagmus

Absence of Rotation Perception during Warm Water Caloric Irrigation in Some Seniors with Postural Instability

Effects of Tilt of the Gravito-Inertial Acceleration Vector on the Angular Vestibuloocular Reflex During Centrifugation

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Linear Acceleration Modulates the Nystagmus Induced by Angular Acceleration Stimulation of the Horizontal Canal^a