Line scan sampling for visible light communication: Theory and practice

Aoyama, Hideki; Oshima, Mitsuaki

doi:10.1109/icc.2015.7249126

Cited by 27 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 3 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Thus, the achievable data rate is upper-bounded by their frame rate, restraining the light source’s switching frequency considerably. On the other hand, RS cameras scan the scene sequentially row by row of pixels (usually on the shorter dimension of the sensor), allowing capturing different light states (intensity, colour variations, among others) within the lamp’s source projection in the frame [ 19 ]. In this case, the theoretical bandwidth limit is imposed by the row shift time, commonly denominated the sampling time,

, which is the fixed duration between the start of a row scan and the consecutive one.…”

Section: Proposed Architecturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence, during the acquisition, only a fraction of the total data sent is sampled by the sensor. While the sensor is not scanning the transmitter’s surface, but another part of the scene, it will remain blind to the light changes of the transmission [ 19 ]. To overcome these blind periods, the data packets must be sent repeatedly (at least while the camera is acquiring two full frames).…”

Section: Communications Modellingmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Optical Camera Communication as an Enabling Technology for Microalgae Cultivation

Jurado-Verdú

Guerra

Matus

et al. 2021

Sensors

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Optical Camera Communication (OCC) systems have a potential application in microalgae production plants. In this work, a proof-of-concept prototype consisting of an artificial lighting photobioreactor is proposed. This reactor optimises the culture’s photosynthetic efficiency while transmitting on-off keying signals to a rolling-shutter camera. Upon reception, both signal decoding and biomass concentration sensing are performed simultaneously using image processing techniques. Moreover, the communication channel’s theoretical modelling, the data rate system’s performance, and the plant distribution requirements and restrictions for a production-scale facility are detailed. A case study is conducted to classify three different node arrangements in a real facility, considering node visibility, channel capacity, and space exploitation. Finally, several experiments comprising radiance evaluation and Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) computation are performed at different angles of view in both indoor and outdoor environments. It is observed that the Lambertian-like emission patterns are affected by increasing concentrations, reducing the effective emission angles. Furthermore, significant differences in the SNR, up to 20 dB, perceived along the illuminated surface (centre versus border), gradually reduce as light is affected by greater dispersion. The experimental analysis in terms of scattering and selective wavelength attenuation for green (Arthrospira platensis) and brown (Rhodosorus marinus) microalgae species determines that the selected strain must be considered in the development of this system.

show abstract

, which is the fixed duration between the start of a row scan and the consecutive one.…”

Section: Proposed Architecturementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Communications Modellingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical Camera Communication as an Enabling Technology for Microalgae Cultivation

Jurado-Verdú

Guerra

Matus

et al. 2021

Sensors

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…S2-PSK can demodulate randomly sampled images which allow it to be used for variable frame rate cameras. Recently, several other hybrid modulation schemes are standardized which include but not limited to pulse width modulation/pulse position modulation (PWM/PPM) [43,44], camera multiple frequency shift keying (CM-FSK) [45,46,47], camera on-off keying (C-OOK) [48], rolling shutter frequency shift keying (RS-FSK) [48], asynchronous quick link (A-QL) [49], hidden asynchronous quick link (HA-QL) [49], and variable transparent amplitude shape code (VTASC) [49].…”

Section: Ieee Standardized Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical camera communications: Survey, use cases, challenges, and future trends

Saeed

Guo

Park

et al. 2019

Physical Communication

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Recently, a camera or an image sensor receiver based optical wireless communications (OWC) techniques have attracted particular interest in areas such as the internet of things, indoor localization, motion capture, and intelligent transportation systems. As a supplementary technique of high-speed OWC based on photo-detectors, communications hinging on image sensors as receivers do not need much modification to the current infrastructure, such that the implementation complexity and cost are quite low. Therefore, in this paper, we present a comprehensive survey of optical camera communication (OCC) techniques, and their use in localization, navigation, and motion capture. This survey is distinguishable from the existing reviews on this topic by covering multiple aspects of OCC and its various applications. The first part of the paper focuses on the standardization, channel characterization, modulation, coding, synchronization, and signal processing techniques for OCC systems while the second part of the article presents the literature on OCC based localization, navigation, motion capture, and intelligent transportation systems. Finally, in the last part of the paper, we present the challenges and future research directions of OCC.(OCC) [5]. FSO communication systems consist of a laser diode (LD) transmitter and a photodiode (PD) receiver. It typically relies on UV or visible bands, offers high rate transmission in a long distance, and can be used for a backhaul of communication networks. However, FSO communications need a strict alignment, and consequently, their cost at transceivers is high. Also, FSO communication systems suffer from atmospheric turbulence which can be mitigated by using different statistical channel models [6,7,8,9,10], robust modulation techniques [11,12], and accurate pointing and tracking methods [13,14,15]. On the other hand, VLC hinging on visible bands is an LD or light emitting diode (LED) transmitter and PD receiver-based medium-range communication technology. VLC is capable of offering high data rate within a range of tens of meters but does not consider multiple user access. The advancement of VLC systems has also led to enable various location aware indoor applications. Recently, several indoor localization systems based on VLC are proposed [16,17,18,19,20]. Interested readers are referred to [21,22], and the references therein for VLC based indoor localization and tracking methods. Nevertheless, the VLC technology suffers from both limited coverage and interference. Increasing the field of view of the LEDs improves the coverage; however, it increases the interference at the receiver. Signal-to-interference ratio based methods can be used to analyze the coverage and interference problems in VLC systems [23]. Different from VLC, Li-Fi is an LED transmitter based light networking technology that involves multiple user access, bidirectional communications, multi-cell handover, etc. The emerging Li-Fi supports mobile communica-

show abstract

“…Optical camera communications (OCC) have increased their relevance within the field of visible light communications (VLC) due to the widely-available cameras in a great number of devices (smartphones, tablets, surveillance systems, ...). Most of these cameras are based on rollingshutter (RS) technique, which implements a row-by-row image scanning process [1]. Therefore, an LED light source, switching at a frequency higher than the shutter speed, will appear in the image as a series of dark and bright stripes, representing the binary data.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation-based receiver for optical camera communications

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In color-multiplexed optical camera communications (OCC) systems, data acquisition is restricted by the image processing algorithm capability for fast source recognition, regionof-interest (ROI) detection and tracking, packet synchronization within ROI, estimation of inter-channel interference and threshold computation. In this work, a novel modulation scheme for a practical RGB-LED-based OCC system is presented. The four above-described tasks are held simultaneously. Using confined spatial correlation of well-defined reference signals within the frame's color channels is possible to obtain a fully operating link with low computational complexity algorithms. Prior channel adaptation also grants a substantial increase in the attainable data rate, making the system more robust to interferences.

show abstract

Line scan sampling for visible light communication: Theory and practice

Cited by 27 publications

References 3 publications

Optical Camera Communication as an Enabling Technology for Microalgae Cultivation

Optical Camera Communication as an Enabling Technology for Microalgae Cultivation

Optical camera communications: Survey, use cases, challenges, and future trends

Correlation-based receiver for optical camera communications

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About