Line‐field confocal optical coherence tomography and reflectance confocal microscopy of Merkel cell carcinoma

Soglia, S.; Pérez‐Anker, J.; Fraghì, A.; Ariasi, C.; La Rosa, G.; Lenoir, C.; Suppa, M.; Calzavara‐Pinton, P. G.; Venturini, M.

doi:10.1111/jdv.19211

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 10 publications

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“…14 Skin biopsy and subsequent histopathological examination are the gold standards for diagnosing CLH; however, non-invasive diagnostic techniques currently used in dermatology, such as RCM and LC-OCT, have already been shown to be helpful in various dermatological conditions. 8,14,15 Tattoo-induced CLH showed in our study some findings that are in common with other dermatological conditions. In particular, evidence of exocytosis and spongiosis can be found in many eczematous disorders.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Features of tattoo‐associated cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia on reflectance confocal microscopy and line‐field confocal optical coherence tomography

Ariasi,

Licata,

Perazzolli

et al. 2024

Aust J Dermatology

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The popularity of tattoos has led to an increase in associated skin reactions, including complications such as infection, allergic reactions and rare conditions such as tattoo‐induced cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia (CLH). CLH is a benign lymphoproliferative reaction with clinical features resembling malignant cutaneous lymphomas. Non‐invasive diagnostic tools like reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) and the new line‐field confocal optical coherence tomography (LC‐OCT) are being studied in dermatology better to understand the morphological patterns of many dermatological diseases. Between September 2021 and May 2023, patients with suspicious lesions for tattoo‐related CLH were analysed using RCM and LC‐OCT before confirming the diagnosis of CLH through skin biopsy and histopathological examination. The study included five cases of CLH. It focused on the analysis of high‐quality LC‐OCT images/videos and RCM images to investigate the features of CLH in tattooed individuals. Most (80%) cases exhibited a mixed T and B lymphocyte infiltration subtype, while 20% showed a predominant T infiltration subtype. RCM and LC‐OCT revealed characteristic features, including architectural disarray, fibrosis, lymphoid infiltrates, and pigment deposits in the epidermis and dermis. Non‐invasive tools such as RCM and LC‐OCT are valuable in diagnosing tattoo‐related CLH. While skin biopsy remains the current standard for diagnosis, RCM and LC‐OCT can serve as helpful adjuncts in identifying the most representative area for biopsy. They may potentially become alternative diagnostic options in the future, offering benefits in terms of cost, diagnostic efficiency, aesthetics and patient satisfaction as the prevalence of tattoo‐related adverse reactions continues to rise.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Features of tattoo‐associated cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia on reflectance confocal microscopy and line‐field confocal optical coherence tomography

Ariasi,

Licata,

Perazzolli

et al. 2024

Aust J Dermatology

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Line‐field confocal optical coherence tomography: A new in vivo assessment tool for cutaneous mycosis fungoides

Soglia,

Pérez‐Anker,

Ghini

et al. 2023

Acad Dermatol Venereol

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Dear Editor, Mycosis fungoides (MF) represents the most common variant of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL). Early diagnosis is difficult, requiring multiple biopsies and frequently resulting in a therapeutic delay.The prognosis depends on the stage and some variants are associated with worse prognosis. 1 Various technologies have been used, such as dermatoscopy 2 and in vivo reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM), [3][4][5][6] to help recognizing the disease.

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Line-Field Confocal Optical Coherence Tomography for the Diagnosis of Skin Carcinomas: Real-Life Data over Three Years

Donelli,

Suppa,

Tognetti

et al. 2023

Current Oncology

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Line-field confocal optical coherence tomography (LC-OCT) can help the clinical diagnosis of skin diseases. The present study aimed to evaluate the sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy of LC-OCT for the diagnosis of the most frequent non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSCs), i.e., basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Comparing LC-OCT diagnostic performances with those of dermoscopy, histopathological examination was used as a gold standard. For every study endpoint, the diagnostic ability of LC-OCT revealed superiority over the dermoscopic examination. In particular, a significant increase in specificity was observed. Sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy of dermoscopy and LC-OCT for the diagnosis of malignancy were, respectively, 0.97 (CI 0.94–0.99), 0.43 (CI 0.36–0.51), and 0.77 (CI 0.72–0.81) for dermoscopy and 0.99 (CI 0.97–1.00), 0.90 (CI 0.84–0.94), and 0.96 (CI 0.93–0.97) for LC-OCT. The positive predictive value (PPV) resulted in 0.74 (CI 0.69–0.78) for dermoscopy and 0.94 (CI 0.91–0.97) for LC-OCT, and the negative predictive value (NPV) was 0.89 (CI 0.81–0.95) for dermoscopy and 0.98 (CI 0.95–1.00) for LC-OCT. Finally, our real-life study showed a potentially important role of LC-OCT in the non-invasive diagnosis of NMSCs, especially BCC. The real-time imaging technique could spare unnecessary biopsies with an increased sensitivity, a much higher specificity, and better accuracy than clinical assessment with dermoscopy alone.

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Line‐field confocal optical coherence tomography and reflectance confocal microscopy of Merkel cell carcinoma

Cited by 3 publications

References 10 publications

Features of tattoo‐associated cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia on reflectance confocal microscopy and line‐field confocal optical coherence tomography

Features of tattoo‐associated cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia on reflectance confocal microscopy and line‐field confocal optical coherence tomography

Line‐field confocal optical coherence tomography: A new in vivo assessment tool for cutaneous mycosis fungoides

Line-Field Confocal Optical Coherence Tomography for the Diagnosis of Skin Carcinomas: Real-Life Data over Three Years

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