Lindane degradation by Candida VITJzN04, a newly isolated yeast strain from contaminated soil: kinetic study, enzyme analysis and biodegradation pathway

Abstract

A new yeast strain was isolated from sugarcane cultivation field which was able to utilize lindane as sole carbon source for growth in mineral medium. The yeast was identified and named as Candida sp. VITJzN04 based on a polyphasic approach using morphological, biochemical and 18S rDNA, D1/D2 and ITS sequence analysis. The isolated yeast strain efficiently degraded 600 mg L⁻¹ of lindane within 6 days in mineral medium under the optimal conditions (pH 7; temperature 30 °C and inoculum dosage 0.06 g L⁻¹) with the least half-life of 1.17 days and degradation constant of 0.588 per day. Lindane degradation was tested with various kinetic models and results revealed that the reaction could be described best by first-order and pseudo first-order models. In addition, involvement of the enzymes viz. dechlorinase, dehalogenase, dichlorohydroquinone reductive dechlorinase, lignin peroxidase and manganese peroxidase was noted during lindane degradation. Addition of H2O2 in the mineral medium showed 32 % enhancement of lindane degradation within 3 days. Based on the metabolites identified by GC-MS and FTIR analysis, sequential process of lindane degradation by Candida VITJzN04 was proposed. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of isolation and characterization of lindane-degrading Candida sp. and elucidation of enzyme systems during the degradation process.

Biotransformation of β-hexachlorocyclohexane by the saprotrophic soil fungus Penicillium griseofulvum

“…The concentration of b-HCH and the formation of metabolites were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Residual b-HCH in the culture medium was calculated according Salam and Das (2014). Detailed method information is provided in Supplementary material.…”

“…In contrast, non-white-rot fungal species isolated from polluted sites may be better adapted to environmental and ecological soil conditions than white-rot fungi and may be better organisms for bioremediation with faster growth rates and lower temperature and oxygen requirements (Nagpal et al, 2008;Guillén-Jiménez et al, 2012). Reports on non-white-rot fungi as lindane degraders are scanty and few fungal species have been studied (Tas ßeli, 2006;Nagpal et al, 2008;Sagar and Singh, 2011;Guillén-Jiménez et al, 2012;Salam et al, 2013;Salam and Das, 2014).…”

Metabolic synergies in the biotransformation of organic and metallic toxic compounds by a saprotrophic soil fungus

“…Previously, tetrachlorocyclohexane and tetrachlorocyclohexanol were observed in the biodegradation of lindane by white rot-fungi (Phillips et al 2005), while PCCH and benzoic acid derivatives were observed in aerobic degradation of lindane by Fusarium verticillioides AT-100 (Guillén-Jiménez et al 2012). γ-PCCH and different metabolites were observed in lindane biodegradation by Candida VITJzN04 (Salam and Das 2014), while the proposed degradation route for lindane in Rhodotorula sp. is very similar to the one that can be hypothesized in this investigation and γ-PCCH, 1,2,4-TCB, 1,2.DCB, CB and other intermediates were reported (Salam et al 2013).…”

“…Residual HCH for each isomer in the culture medium was calculated using the formula reported in Salam and Das (2014) and in Ceci et al (2015b).…”

Selection of an actinobacteria mixed culture for chlordane remediation. Pesticide effects on microbial morphology and bioemulsifier production

“…M7. Furthermore, Salam and Das studied the degradation of lindane by Candida VITJzN04, observing that during the initial phase of breakdown of this OCP, the dechlorinase enzyme showed strong activity. These authors demonstrated that dechlorinase and dehalogenase activities as well as the chlorinated compounds decreased over time.…”