LiNbO3 with the damage-resistant impurity indium

Volk, T. R.; Wöhlecke, M.; Rubinina, N. M.; Razumovski, N. V.; Jermann, F.; Fischer, C. E.; Bower, R.W.

doi:10.1007/bf01538249

Cited by 52 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…[93][94][95][96][97][98] The properties of LN doped with optical damage resistant ions were first summarized in a review paper 10 and later in a book by Volk et al 99 Recently, Kong et al 100 reviewed advances in the photorefraction of doped LN, focusing on tetra-, penta-, and hexavalent ions, including doubly-and even triply-doped crystals. They concluded that LN triply doped by Zr, Fe, and Mn shows excellent non-volatile holographic storage properties, and V and Mo single-doped LN have fast response and multi-wavelength storage characteristics.…”

Section: Other Divalent Trivalent and Tetravalent Odr Dopantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…44,45,47 In addition, the increase in the valence of the dopant decreases the threshold. [94][95][96][97][98] In general, the incorporation of ODR ions reduces the amount of antisite Nb Li in the lattice. In nearly stoichiometric LN crystals where the Nb Li concentration is almost zero, the threshold value of the dopant concentration can be lower than 0.2 mol.…”

Section: Other Divalent Trivalent and Tetravalent Odr Dopantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Growth, defect structure, and THz application of stoichiometric lithium niobate

Lengyel

Péter

Kovács

et al. 2015

Applied Physics Reviews

104

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Owing to the extraordinary richness of its physical properties, congruent lithium niobate has attracted multidecade-long interest both for fundamental science and applications. The combination of ferro-, pyro-, and piezoelectric properties with large electro-optic, acousto-optic, and photoelastic coefficients as well as the strong photorefractive and photovoltaic effects offers a great potential for applications in modern optics. To provide powerful optical components in high energy laser applications, tailoring of key material parameters, especially stoichiometry, is required. This paper reviews the state of the art of growing large stoichiometric LiNbO 3 (sLN) crystals, in particular, the defect engineering of pure and doped sLN with emphasis on optical damage resistant (ODR) dopants (e.g., Mg, Zn, In, Sc, Hf, Zr, Sn). The discussion is focused on crystals grown by the high temperature top seeded solution growth (HTTSSG) technique using alkali oxide fluxing agents. Based on high-temperature phase equilibria studies of the Li 2 O-Nb 2 O 5 -X 2 O ternary systems (X ¼ Na, K, Rb, Cs), the impact of alkali homologue additives on the stoichiometry of the lithium niobate phase will be analyzed, together with a summary of the ultraviolet, infrared, and far-infrared absorption spectroscopic methods developed to characterize the composition of the crystals. It will be shown that using HTTSSG from K 2 O containing flux, crystals closest to the stoichiometric composition can be grown characterized by a UV-edge position of at about 302 nm and a single narrow hydroxyl band in the IR with a linewidth of less than 3 cm À1 at 300 K. The threshold concentrations for ODR dopants depend on crystal stoichiometry and the valence of the dopants; Raman spectra, hydroxyl vibration spectra, and Z-scan measurements prove to be useful to distinguish crystals below and above the photorefractive threshold. Crystals just above the threshold are preferred for most nonlinear optical applications apart holography and have the additional advantage to minimize the absorption even in the far-infrared (THz) range. The review also provides a discussion on the progress made in the characterization of non-stoichiometry related intrinsic and extrinsic defect structures in doped LN crystals, with emphasis on ODR-ion-doped and/or closely stoichiometric systems, based on both spectroscopic measurements and theoretical modelling, including the results of first principles quantum mechanical calculations on hydroxyl defects. It will also be shown that new perspective applications, e.g., the generation of high energy THz pulses with energies on the tens-of-mJ scale, are feasible with ODR-doped sLN crystals if optimal conditions, including the contact grating technique, are applied. V C 2015 AIP Publishing LLC.

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Section: Other Divalent Trivalent and Tetravalent Odr Dopantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Other Divalent Trivalent and Tetravalent Odr Dopantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth, defect structure, and THz application of stoichiometric lithium niobate

Lengyel

Péter

Kovács

et al. 2015

Applied Physics Reviews

104

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“…A distinction from the trivalent Sc 3+ might be caused by the less ionic radius of Sc 3+ (Table 2), which facilitates its incorporation into the Li-site. The specificity of In-doping is indirectly supported by the measurements of IR absorption spectra [25,26] which permitted us to suggest the incorporation of In-ions into both cation sites.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…Obviously, the reliability of determination of small impurity concentrations demands extremely high accuracy for such experiments. The precise measurements of LiNbO3-In lattice parameters presented here are aimed at planned investigations of In-incorporation into the lattice for further studies in the photorefractive and related properties of LiNbO3-In, started formerly in [25,26].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lattice Parameters of Optical Damage Resistant In-Doped LiNbO3 Crystals

Sulyanov

Volk

2018

Crystals

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Abstract:The lattice parameters in optical damage resistant crystal LiNbO 3 -In were measured for the first time using the X-ray powder method with an internal standard, which provides a high accuracy of the results. The lattice parameters vs. In concentration were obtained in the concentration range from 0.24 to 3.2 at % In in the crystal. The results are discussed in the framework of currently accepted model of the LiNbO 3 intrinsic defect structure.

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“…For example, until now, Fe:LN is one of the most excellent candidate materials for data storage due to its high diffraction effect, high density of data storage, long conserving time and well-considered method of thermal fixation. In general, some beneficial dopants such as Mg, Zn, Sc and In were introduced into Fe:LN to enhance the quality and the optical damage of crystals [2][3][4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical absorption spectra of LiNbO₃, Fe:LiNbO₃, and Zn:Fe:LiNbO₃ single crystals grown by Bridgman method

Xia¹,

Zeng

Wang

et al. 2004

Cryst. Res. Technol.

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The optical absorption spectra of LiNbO 3 (LN), Fe:LiNbO 3 (Fe:LN), and Zn:Fe:LiNbO 3 (Zn:Fe:LN) single crystals grown by Bridgman method were measured and compared. The absorption characteristics of the samples and the effects of growth process conditions on the absorption spectra were investigated. The Fe, Zn and Li concentrations in the crystals were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma (ICP) spectrometry.

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LiNbO3 with the damage-resistant impurity indium

Cited by 52 publications

References 25 publications

Growth, defect structure, and THz application of stoichiometric lithium niobate

Growth, defect structure, and THz application of stoichiometric lithium niobate

Lattice Parameters of Optical Damage Resistant In-Doped LiNbO3 Crystals

Optical absorption spectra of LiNbO₃, Fe:LiNbO₃, and Zn:Fe:LiNbO₃ single crystals grown by Bridgman method

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LiNbO3 with the damage-resistant impurity indium

Cited by 52 publications

References 25 publications

Growth, defect structure, and THz application of stoichiometric lithium niobate

Growth, defect structure, and THz application of stoichiometric lithium niobate

Lattice Parameters of Optical Damage Resistant In-Doped LiNbO3 Crystals

Optical absorption spectra of LiNbO3, Fe:LiNbO3, and Zn:Fe:LiNbO3 single crystals grown by Bridgman method

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Product

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Optical absorption spectra of LiNbO₃, Fe:LiNbO₃, and Zn:Fe:LiNbO₃ single crystals grown by Bridgman method