Lina Stern (1878–1968): an outstanding scientist of her time

Sarıkcıoğlu, Levent

doi:10.1007/s00381-017-3392-3

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 7 publications

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“…Although gases and fat-soluble molecules can diffuse across these barriers, entry of watersoluble molecules, immune cells, and pathogens is limited; even water requires special transporter proteins [19]. Approximately 50 years after the groundbreaking work of Ehrlich, the term "Barrière hématoencéphalique" or BBB was introduced in 1921 by Lina Stern [20] (for an interesting article on the history of BBB permeability studies, see the review by Saunders et al [17]). Even though the BBB is arguably the most selective and tightly controlled of the CNS barriers, most viruses invade the CNS by this pathway because the BBB is the largest surface area between the brain and the blood, with an estimated combined area of 12-18 m 2 [7,21,22].…”

Section: Astrocytes As the Key Cell Type Of Cns Viral Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Astrocytes Are a Key Target for Neurotropic Viral Infection

Potokar,

Zorec,

Jorgačevski

2023

Cells

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Astrocytes are increasingly recognized as important viral host cells in the central nervous system. These cells can produce relatively high quantities of new virions. In part, this can be attributed to the characteristics of astrocyte metabolism and its abundant and dynamic cytoskeleton network. Astrocytes are anatomically localized adjacent to interfaces between blood capillaries and brain parenchyma and between blood capillaries and brain ventricles. Moreover, astrocytes exhibit a larger membrane interface with the extracellular space than neurons. These properties, together with the expression of various and numerous viral entry receptors, a relatively high rate of endocytosis, and morphological plasticity of intracellular organelles, render astrocytes important target cells in neurotropic infections. In this review, we describe factors that mediate the high susceptibility of astrocytes to viral infection and replication, including the anatomic localization of astrocytes, morphology, expression of viral entry receptors, and various forms of autophagy.

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Section: Astrocytes As the Key Cell Type Of Cns Viral Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Astrocytes Are a Key Target for Neurotropic Viral Infection

Potokar,

Zorec,

Jorgačevski

2023

Cells

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An Overview of the Blood-Brain Barrier

et al. 2018

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The blood brain barrier and Lina Solomonovna Stern (Shtern)

Pearce¹

2022

ACNR

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The blood–brain barrier (BBB) regulates the transport of molecules between the central nervous system (CNS) and blood. It consists of two components: the vascular endothelial cells forming so–called tight junctions, and the blood–cerebrospinal fluid barrier. It plays an important role in the pathogenesis and in recovery from many cerebrospinal disorders. Paul Ehrlich was the first to observe in mice that intravenously injected acidic dyes stained the tissues of the body but not the brain. He deduced there was a barrier between systemic blood and nervous tissues. His pupil Lewandowsky visualised a capillary wall that blocked the entrance of certain molecules. And, Edwin Goldman injected trypan blue into the CSF and observed that the brain but no peripheral organs was stained — indicating the dye could not cross from CSF to the systemic bloodstream, but could leave the blood vessels of the choroid plexuses within the ventricles to enter the brain tissues. Experiments of the heroic Russian Lina Solomonova Stern (Shtern), persecuted by Stalin, formulated the rule that every substance contained in the blood must penetrate the cerebrospinal fluid before it can exercise its effects on the nerve elements; she named the blood–brain barrier: barrière hémato–encéphalique.

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Lina Stern (1878–1968): an outstanding scientist of her time

Cited by 3 publications

References 7 publications

Astrocytes Are a Key Target for Neurotropic Viral Infection

Astrocytes Are a Key Target for Neurotropic Viral Infection

An Overview of the Blood-Brain Barrier

The blood brain barrier and Lina Solomonovna Stern (Shtern)

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