Limosilactobacillus fermentum-fermented ginseng improved antibiotic-induced diarrhoea and the gut microbiota profiles of rats

Abstract

Aims: This study investigated the efficacy of Limosilactobacillus fermentumfermented ginseng for improving colitis and the gut microbiota profiles in rats and explored the benefits of the L. fermentum fermentation process to ginseng. Methods and results:Ginseng polysaccharide and ginsenoside from fermented ginseng were analysed by UV and HPLC. Antibiotic-fed rats were treated with fermented ginseng and a L. fermentum-ginseng mixture. Histopathology-and immune-related factors (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10) of the colon were assayed by using pathological sections and ELISA. After treatment, fermented ginseng relieved the symptoms of antibiotic-induced diarrhoea and colon inflammation, and the expression of colon immune factors returned to normal. The gut microbial communities were identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The results showed that the alterations in the gut microbiota returned to normal. In addition, the gut microbiota changes were correlated with immune factor expression after treatment. The fermented ginseng had better biological functions than a L. fermentum-ginseng mixture. Conclusions:Fermented ginseng can relieve diarrhoea and colon inflammation and restore the gut microbiota to its original state. The process of L. fermentum fermentation can expand the therapeutic use of ginseng.Significance and impact of the study: This research suggested the potential function of fermented ginseng to relieve diarrhoea and recover the gut microbiota to a normal level and explored the benefits of the Limosilactobacillus fermentum fermentation process to ginseng.

The Fecal Redox Potential in Healthy and Diarrheal Pigs and Their Correlation with Microbiota

“…Anaerotruncus utilize lactic acid as its exclusive carbon source to enhance the abundance of marathon runners post-exercise, thereby boosting the endurance of athletes [36]. Similarly, Intestinimonas and Odoribacter also contribute to anaerobic intestinal metabolism [37].…”

“…Limosilactobacillus has demonstrated the presence of a potent antioxidant mechanism, which offers protection against oxidative stress and its associated chronic ailments [43]. In the meantime, empirical research has demonstrated that Limosilactobacillus can effectively mitigate the symptoms of diarrhea and colon inflammation induced by antibiotics, concurrently facilitating the normal expression of colon immune factors [37], which shows that the gut flora can cascade with the body's immune system to fight the disease when the body has diarrhea. It was found that the abundance of Limosilactobacillus reuteri ASV increased in the diarrhea group (Figure 9).…”

Impact of 5–20% Hydroponic Wheat Sprouts Inclusion on Growth and Metabolic Parameters of Growing Ewes

“…Similarly, Limosilactobacillus has been proved to have antibacterial and intestinal immunity-enhancing effects [ 24 ]. An increase in the abundance of Limosilactobacillus would facilitate the expression of colon immune factors in rats, which indicated that the gut flora changes of Limosilactobacillus can also improve the body’s immune system [ 25 ]. Taken together, the increase in the abundance of Olsenella and Limosilactobacillus ( Figure 3 and Figure 4 ) after feeding hydroponic wheat sprouts might show an improvement in the immune systems of growing ewes as demonstrated by the increase of interferon-γ and interleukin-2 ( Table 4 ).…”

Transformation of Ginsenosides by Lactiplantibacillus plantarum MB11 Fermentation: Minor Ginsenosides Conversion and Enhancement of Anti-Colorectal Cancer Activity

“…HPLC analysis was performed as described previously [ 43 ]. Briefly, the analysis was carried out on an Agilent HPLC system (Agilent 1260 Infinity, Agilent, Santa Clara, CA, USA) using a pursuit5 SB-C18 column (4.5 mm × 25 cm).…”