Limnodrilus sulphurensis n. sp., from a sulfur cave in Colorado, USA, with notes on the morphologically similar L. profundicola (Clitellata, Naididae, Tubificinae)

Fend, Steven V.; Liu, Yingkui; Steinmann, David; Giere, Olav; Barton, Hazel A.; Luiszer, Fred; Erséus, Christer

doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4066.4.6

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…If we consider groups other than arthropods and vertebrates, we find that annelids have undergone several ecological radiations, correlated to dramatic morphological changes leading to overly simplistic, and to highly specialized body forms ranging from micro‐ to macroscopic (Rouse & Pleijel, ). Time and again, annelids have shown to be extremely successful in colonizing caves, with most recent discoveries showcasing their adaptive abilities in surviving even amidst sulphidic springs (Fend et al., ). In some cave systems, annelids represent the second most diverse group after crustaceans (arthropods; Martínez García, Palmero, Brito, Núñez, & Worsaae, ; Worsaae, Martínez, & Núñez, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anophthalmia and elongation of body appendages in cave scale worms (Annelida: Aphroditiformia)

et al. 2017

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This study addresses whether cave dwelling annelids exhibited similar reductive and constructive traits equally as strong as those of arthropods and vertebrates inhabiting caves. Known as troglomorphism, these adaptations bring about striking morphologies across invertebrates and vertebrates from both aquatic and terrestrial cave habitats, and include varying degrees of eye and pigmentation loss, as well as hypertrophy of body appendages and sensorial structures. Employing phylogenetic comparative methods and ancestral character reconstructions on a worldwide data set of a group of annelids, the scale worms (Aphroditiformia), we investigate the behavioural and morphological traits of species living in marine caves in comparison with those species living outside caves. Our work demonstrated that cave scale worms respond similar to arthropods in cave environments, showing a significant elongation of sensory parapodial cirri, while lacking eyes and pigmentation. However, whereas elongation of sensory appendages likely occurred in correlation to cave colonization, eyes were plausibly lost in correlation with specialization and colonization of deepsea habitats. K E Y W O R D Sadaptation, hypogean, phylogenetic comparative methods, phylogenetic signal, troglomorphism

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anophthalmia and elongation of body appendages in cave scale worms (Annelida: Aphroditiformia)

et al. 2017

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“…Studies on ingestion rates and assimilation efficiencies under anoxia are contradictory. Volpers and Neumann (2005) suggested that worms stop feeding below 0.3 mg O2 l -1 , however some tubificid species can grow and feed actively despite severe hypoxia (down to 0.005 mg O2 l -1 ) and sulfide atmospheres (Fend et al 2016). Worm behavior in the field under temporal hypoxia or anoxia in the water column is unknown, which makes model predictions difficult.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cadmium Bioaccumulation in Aquatic Oligochaetes Using a Biodynamic Model: A Review of Values of Physiological Parameters and Model Validation Using Laboratory and Field Bioaccumulation Data

Méndez-Fernández

Rodríguez

2017

Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology

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This study reviews certain physiological digestive parameters in the literature that could be used to predict tissue residues in aquatic oligochaetes using the biodynamic model. Predictions were evaluated with independently measured Cd bioaccumulation data in sediment bioassays and field oligochaetes. The parameter review focused on three species commonly used in ecotoxicity testing and bioaccumulation studies: Tubifex tubifex (Tt), Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri (Lh) and Lumbriculus variegatus (Lv). Median Ingestion rates (g g d, dw) at unpolluted conditions were 7.8 (Tt), 24.5 (Lh) and 11.5 (Lv), while results were lower (1.7-2.4) at polluted conditions. Assimilation efficiencies ranged from 3.4-19.6% (Tt), 2.7-16.1% (Lh), and 10.9-25.6% (Lv). The biodynamic model accurately predicted Cd tissue concentration in T. tubifex exposed to spiked sediments in laboratory bioassays. Comparisons of predicted vs. measured Cd tissue concentration in bioassays or field aquatic oligochaetes suggest that the biodynamic model can predict Cd tissue concentration within a factor of five in 81.3% of cases, across a range of measured tissue concentrations from 0.1 to 100 μg Cd g dw. Predictions can be refined by using physiological parameter values that have been measured under varying environmental conditions (e.g. temperature, dissolved oxygen). The model can underestimate tissue concentration by up to one order of magnitude when worms are exposed to highly contaminated sediments. Contrarily, predictions overestimate tissue concentration by up to two orders of magnitude when the measured Cd < 0.1 μg g dw, although in most cases these predictions do not fail bioaccumulation-based risk assessments, using a tissue threshold value of 1.5 μg Cd g dw.

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“…The new material has a relatively elongate atrium, probably more similar to Claparède's illustration than to the atria of some other species (e.g., Limnodrilus profundicola [cf. figure 4 in (Fend et al 2016)]). Penial musculature is often prominent in the genus, with a characteristic spiral arrangement in some worms that have been attributed to L. hoffmeisteri (Eisen 1885;Chen 1940;Moore 1905).…”

Section: Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The neotype and associated specimens have a relatively elongate (tubular) spermathecal duct, compared with, e.g., L. profundicola (Cui et al 2015, fig. 7;Fend et al 2016).…”

Section: Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extensive cryptic diversity in the cosmopolitan sludge worm Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri (Clitellata, Naididae)

Liu

Fend²,

Martinsson

et al. 2017

Org Divers Evol

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Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri Claparède, 1862 is a common freshwater worm, often regarded as an indicator of organic pollution. The taxonomic status of this species is controversial due to great variation in morphological features. Numerous morphological forms of L. hoffmeisteri are recorded in the literature, especially from Europe and North America. Today, DNA-based species delimitation assumes that species boundaries can be more objectively and effectively estimated using genetic data rather than with morphological data alone. To investigate if L. hoffmeisteri is a single species, 295 worms identified as either L. hoffmeisteri or other similar (congeneric) morphospecies, using currently accepted morphological criteria, were collected from 82 locations in the northern hemisphere. The number of primary species hypotheses (PSHs) was first explored with cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI), the proposed DNA barcode for animal species, and with data for all specimens. Both automatic barcoding gap discovery (ABGD) and the Bayesian general mixed Yule coalescent (bGMYC) model revealed the existence of ≥25 distinct PSHs (COI lineages) in our dataset. Then, smaller samples of individuals representing major COI lineages were used for exploration of a nuclear locus, the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. In the ITS gene tree (81 sequences), generated by BEAST, 16 well-supported terminal groups were found, but not all of these groups were congruent with the PSHs found in the COI tree. As results across these different analyses were inconsistent, we resorted to analyzing reciprocal monophyly between gene trees and used a minimum consensus of all evidence, suggesting that there are 13 separately evolving lineages (=13 species) within our sample. The smallest uncorrected COI p-distance between these species is 12.1%, and the largest intraspecific p-distance is 16.4%, illustrating the problem of species delimitation with a DNAbarcoding gap as the sole criterion. Ten of these species are morphologically identified as BL. hoffmeisteri,^the remaining three can be attributed to morphologically distinct congeneric species. An individual from the type locality in Switzerland was designated as a neotype of L. hoffmeisteri sensu stricto. This worm belongs to one of the ten species, and this lineage is widely distributed in Europe, Asia, and North America. The remaining nine species show a mixed distribution pattern; some appear to be endemic to a restricted area, others are Holarctic. Our results provide clues to the future revalidation of some of the nominal species today placed in synonymy with L. hoffmeisteri. A BEAST analysis, based on previously published and newly generated 16S data, suggested that this complex contains also other species than those studied by us. By integrating additional genetic data, it will be possible to identify these and additional specimens in future studies of Limnodrilus, and the neotype provides a baseline for further revisions of the taxonomy of the L. hoffmeisteri complex.

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Limnodrilus sulphurensis n. sp., from a sulfur cave in Colorado, USA, with notes on the morphologically similar L. profundicola (Clitellata, Naididae, Tubificinae)

Cited by 7 publications

References 28 publications

Anophthalmia and elongation of body appendages in cave scale worms (Annelida: Aphroditiformia)

Anophthalmia and elongation of body appendages in cave scale worms (Annelida: Aphroditiformia)

Cadmium Bioaccumulation in Aquatic Oligochaetes Using a Biodynamic Model: A Review of Values of Physiological Parameters and Model Validation Using Laboratory and Field Bioaccumulation Data

Extensive cryptic diversity in the cosmopolitan sludge worm Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri (Clitellata, Naididae)

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