Limits of Stability and Functional Base of Support While Standing in Community-Dwelling Older Adults

Tomita, Hidehito; Kuno, Satoshi; Kawaguchi, Daisuke; Nojima, Osamu

doi:10.1080/00222895.2020.1723484

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The results of our study on the relationship between postural stability and aging show that the R2b index changes significantly with aging, as younger people are able to lean further forward. This is corroborated by the results of other authors, who find a significantly smaller range of limits of stability in older people, possibly related to the phenomenon of natural belay and fear of falls [ 13 , 45 , 46 , 47 ]. Tomita [ 13 ] also confirms in his study that older people show a reduction in the range of stability in a number of passages, which also supports our hypothesis of a reduction in the stability limit of older people.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…In the process of aging, there is also a risk associated with falls, which are a serious health problem and one of the main causes of injury and disability. It is estimated that one-third of community-dwelling older people experience at least one fall per year [ 11 , 12 ], and research conducted in this area shows that more than half of the causes of falls are related to factors concerning postural control [ 13 ]. Postural control, which is understood as a complex relationship existing between the sensory and motor systems [ 14 , 15 ], concerns, among other things, the appropriate perception of environmental stimuli, the response to changes in body orientation in space, as well as the correct maintenance of the central of pressure (COP).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Age-Related Differences in Intermuscular Coherence EMG-EMG of Ankle Joint Antagonist Muscle Activity during Maximal Leaning

Konieczny

Domaszewski

Skorupska

et al. 2022

Sensors

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Background: Intermuscular synchronization is one of the fundamental aspects of maintaining a stable posture and is of great importance in the aging process. This study aimed to assess muscle synchronization and postural stabilizer asymmetry during quiet standing and the limits of stability using wavelet analysis. Intermuscular synchrony and antagonistic sEMG-sEMG (surface electromyography) coherence asymmetry were evaluated in the tibialis anterior and soleus muscles. Methods: The study involved 20 elderly (aged 65 ± 3.6) and 20 young (aged 21 ± 1.3) subjects. The task was to perform a maximum forward bend in a standing position. The prone test was divided into three phases: quiet standing (10 s), dynamic learning, and maintenance of maximum leaning (20 s). Wavelet analysis of coherence was performed in the delta and beta bands. Results: Young subjects modulated interface coherences to a greater extent in the beta band. Analysis of postural stability during standing tasks showed that only the parameter R2b (the distance between the maximal and minimal position central of pressure), as an indicator for assessing the practical limits of stability, was found to be significantly associated with differences in aging. Conclusion: The results showed differences in the beta and delta band oscillations between young and older subjects in a postural task involving standing quietly and leaning forward.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-Related Differences in Intermuscular Coherence EMG-EMG of Ankle Joint Antagonist Muscle Activity during Maximal Leaning

Konieczny

Domaszewski

Skorupska

et al. 2022

Sensors

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“…To the best knowledge of the authors, there is no agreement yet on the proportion of the BoS that should be used to measure the MoS during perturbed walking conditions. However, results from the functional BoS measured during standing tasks show that the size of the functional BoS decreases with age (King et al, 1994 ; Tomita et al, 2021 ), which, if accounted for, could have affected the between-groups results. A further study is needed to fully understand which factors, if not age, can explain these limits in the improvement of balance with multiple exposures.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomechanical Mechanisms of Improved Balance Recovery to Repeated Backward Slips Simulated by Treadmill Belt Accelerations in Young and Older Adults

Debelle

Maganaris

O’Brien

2021

Front. Sports Act. Living

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Aim: Exposure to repeated gait perturbations improves the balance of older adults (OAs) and decreases their risks of falling, but little is known about the underpinning mechanical adjustments. We aimed to quantify the changing temporo-spatial and kinetic characteristics of balance recovery following repeated backward slips to better understand the mechanical adjustments responsible for improved balance.Methods: We exposed 17 young adults (YAs) (25.2 ± 3.7 years) and 17 OAs (62.4 ± 6.6 years) to 10 backward slips simulated on an instrumented treadmill by unilateral backward belt accelerations. We measured the balance of the participants (margin of stability: MoS), balance recovery (nsteps: number of steps necessary to return to a steady gait for at least three consecutive steps), temporo-spatial (step length), and kinetics [ground reaction force (GRF) angle, lower limb joint moments] for 15 steps following each slip. The results were compared with baseline.Results: Participants in both groups improved their MoS and nsteps with repeated exposure to the slips, but no significant effect of age was detected. During the perturbed step, the GRF vector was directed more posteriorly during mid-stance and more anteriorly during push-off than baseline, which resulted in a longer step. These adjustments were maintained from the first (Slip01) to the last (Slip10) slip, and by Slip10 were correlated with better balance (MoS) on the second recovery step. During the first recovery step following Slip01, participants developed lower plantarflexor and larger knee extensor moments whilst taking a shorter step, these adjustments were correlated with poorer balance and were not maintained with repeated slips. Joint moments and step length of the first recovery step returned to normal levels by Slip10.Conclusion: Young adults and OAs improved their balance with repeated slips. The adjustments that were positively correlated with balance (changes in step length, GRF angle) were maintained whilst those that were not (changes in joint moments) were discarded. All the responses observed in Slip10 were observed in Slip01. The observed balance improvements were achieved by refining the initial strategy rather than by developing a new one. The underlying mechanics were correlated with step length of the first recovery steps, which was associated with balance and should be monitored in fall prevention interventions.

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“…To the best knowledge of the authors, there is no agreement yet on the proportion of the BoS that should be used to measure the MoS during perturbed walking conditions. However, results from the functional BoS measured during standing tasks show that the size of the functional BoS decreases with age (King et al, 1994;Tomita et al, 2021), which, if accounted for, could have affected the between-groups results. A further study is needed to fully understand which factors, if not age, can explain these limits in the improvement of balance with multiple exposures.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perturbation-based balance training

2023

Frontiers Research Topics

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Limits of Stability and Functional Base of Support While Standing in Community-Dwelling Older Adults

Cited by 10 publications

References 24 publications

Age-Related Differences in Intermuscular Coherence EMG-EMG of Ankle Joint Antagonist Muscle Activity during Maximal Leaning

Age-Related Differences in Intermuscular Coherence EMG-EMG of Ankle Joint Antagonist Muscle Activity during Maximal Leaning

Biomechanical Mechanisms of Improved Balance Recovery to Repeated Backward Slips Simulated by Treadmill Belt Accelerations in Young and Older Adults

Perturbation-based balance training

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