Limits of Fusion and Depth Judgment in Stereoscopic Color Displays

Yeh, Yei-Yu; Silverstein, Louis D.

doi:10.1177/001872089003200104

Cited by 172 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The stimuli were presented on a Tektronix SGS 625 stereoscopic display system, which was coupled to the 386 with a Tektronix Stereoscopic Graphics Adapter Card SGS 100. Observers wore a pair of crossed Polaroid filters to obtain dioptic separation for depth perception (see Yeh & Silverstein, 1990, for a detailed discussion of the apparatus). When the disparity of an item assumed a nonzero value, two separate images were generated on the screen and each of them was seen by a different eye.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Segregation by color and stereoscopic depth in three-dimensional visual space

Chau

Yeh

1995

Perception & Psychophysics

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Two experiments were conducted to investigate how color and stereoscopic depth information are used to segregate objects for visual search in three-dimensional (3-D) visual space, Eight observers were asked to indicate the alphanumeric category (letter or digit) of the target which had its unique color and unique depth plane, In Experiment 1, distractors sharing a common depth plane or a common color appeared in spatial contiguity in the xy plane. The results suggest that visual search for the target involves examination of kernels formed by homogeneous items sharing the same color and depth. In Experiment 2, the xy contiguity of distractors sharing a common color or a common depth plane was varied. The results showed that when target-distractor distinction becomes more difficult on one dimension, the other dimension becomes more important in performing visual search, as indicated by a larger effect on search time. This suggests that observers can make optimal use of the information available. Finally, color had a larger effect on search time than did stereoscopic depth. Overall, the results support models of visual processing which maintain that perceptual segregation and selective attention are determined by similarity among objects in 3-D visual space on both spatial and nonspatial stimulus dimensions.An important function performed by the visual system in processing visual information is to select information from the visual scene which is relevant to the current behavior. To achieve this, the visual system has to segregate stimuli in visual space so that parts belonging to the same whole can be linked together and boundaries can be drawn between different wholes. It has been shown that the visual system uses information such as spatial location (see, e.g., Eriksen & Eriksen, 1974;LaBerge & Brown, 1986), perceptual organization (e.g., Banks & Prinzmetal, 1976;Baylis & Driver, 1992;Driver & Baylis, 1989), and feature similarity (e.g., Duncan & Humphreys, 1989;Kramer, Tham, & Yeh, 1991) in order to achieve segregation. The purpose of the present study is to extend previous work on segregation in two-dimensional (2-D) space and investigate how observers use stereoscopic depth and color information to segregate objects and search for a target in three-dimensional (3-D) visual space.Humphreys (1981) summarized two models of how multidimensional I stimuli are processed. The first is the independent dimensional processing model, which assumes that some dimensions can be analyzed indepen-The authors thank Arthur F. Kramer, George 1. Andersen, Marc Carter, and an anonymous reviewer for their invaluable comments on an earlier draft of this manuscript. Correspondence concerning this article should be sent to A. W. Chau, Department of Psychology, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong (e-mail: awlchau@ hkucc.hku.hk). dently and in parallel. A stimulus is processed on the basis of the first relevant dimension that is resolved. Garner (1974) labeled these dimensions "separable," and it is easy to limit process...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Segregation by color and stereoscopic depth in three-dimensional visual space

Chau

Yeh

1995

Perception & Psychophysics

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“…Without vergence movements and for brief stimulus durations, fusion limits as small as 27 min of arc for crossed and 24 min of arc for uncrossed retinal disparity are found. 37 Many factors affect the limits of fusion, including eye movements, stimulus properties, temporal modulation of retinal disparity information, exposure duration, amount of illuminance, and individual differences. The limits of fusion decrease with smaller, detailed, and stationary objects and increase with larger, moving objects and the addition of peripheral objects to the fixation object.…”

Section: Excessive Screen Disparitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The limits of fusion decrease with smaller, detailed, and stationary objects and increase with larger, moving objects and the addition of peripheral objects to the fixation object. 6,18,[37][38][39][40] With longer stimulus durations and vergence eye movements, retinal disparities as large as 4.93°for crossed and 1.57°for uncrossed disparity can be brought into fusion range without diplopia. 37 However, the classical notion of Panum's fusional area has only limited applicability in establishing absolute limits for screen disparities in stereoscopic displays.…”

Section: Excessive Screen Disparitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Visual Discomfort and Visual Fatigue of Stereoscopic Displays: A Review

Lambooij¹,

IJsselsteijn²,

Fortuin³

et al. 2009

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909

630

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“…The human visual system is very sensitive to crosstalk in stereoscopic systems. A high level of ghosting causes difficulty in achieving stereoscopic fusion 6 and can cause visual discomfort. Figure 2(b) shows the appearance of a similar image artifact in the proposed system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stereoscopic three-dimensional television using active glasses with switchable refraction

Shestak

Kim

Cha

2015

J. Electron. Imaging

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Abstract. We have devised a full-resolution stereoscopic television system incorporating both a patterned retarder and active glasses. Selective vision of the left image by the left eye and the right image by the right eye is achieved by a conventional combination of a patterned retarder and left and right polarized filters. Full resolution is provided by the active components of the glasses acting as a switchable refractive-type beam displacer. Pairs of line-interleaved images are displayed on an LCD screen sequentially at a frame rate of 120 Hz. With the help of active refraction glasses, the viewer can see full-resolution stereoscopic images as if they are displayed in an interlaced manner. Active glasses are flicker-free. Measured stereoscopic crosstalk is 0.6%, which is defined only by the performance of the patterned retarder. 1 Introduction A large share of recently manufactured LCD televisions (TVs) is capable of displaying stereoscopic three-dimensional (3-D) content. Two types of stereoscopic TVs dominate the consumer market, one based on shutter glasses (SGs) and the other on film patterned retarders (FPRs). Both SG and FPR TV systems are not entirely free of disadvantages. They simply combine relatively low manufacturing complexity and low cost.An SG stereoscopic TV system provides full-resolution stereoscopic images. It is based on time-sequential displaying of left and right images followed by synchronous blocking of the right and left eyes by the corresponding shutter of the SG. To provide low crosstalk stereoscopic images without visible ghosting the LCD display incorporates an image panel with a short response time and a backlight unit, operating in a short-pulse blinking mode.1 Usually, the LCD panel of an SG system features an increased frame rate at least 100 to 120 Hz in order to reduce visible image flicker. However, the presence of a bright light source inside the viewing field of the SG can cause perceivable flicker.An FPR system is based on displaying stereoscopic images in a row-interleaved mode, coding of odd and even rows with an alternating polarization of emitted light, and decoding by passive polarized glasses. Coding is provided by a stripe-patterned anisotropic retarder film bonded on the output surface of the panel. Ideally, the patterned retarder should be placed directly in the color filter plane, but in fact the film is placed on the outer surface of the LCD substrate, i.e., at certain distance from the pixel lines. The presence of this nonzero distance causes an effect, when good stereo with minimum ghosting can be seen only within a limited viewing zone. In order to increase the viewing zone the stripes with

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Limits of Fusion and Depth Judgment in Stereoscopic Color Displays

Cited by 172 publications

References 27 publications

Segregation by color and stereoscopic depth in three-dimensional visual space

Segregation by color and stereoscopic depth in three-dimensional visual space

Visual Discomfort and Visual Fatigue of Stereoscopic Displays: A Review

Stereoscopic three-dimensional television using active glasses with switchable refraction

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