Limits of Detection and Limits of Infection: Quantitative HIV Measurement in the Era of U = U

Weld, Ethel D.

doi:10.1093/jalm/jfaa176

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…25–27 Detectable viremia was defined as any detectable HIV RNA above the limit of detection (≥20 copies/mL). 28 Episodes of detectable viremia were classified as “never” if women presented with viremia below the limit of detection at all their visits, “infrequent” if women presented with detectable viremia in ≤50% of their total visits, and “frequently” if women presented with detectable viremia in >50% of their total visits. 29 Statistical analyses were performed using Stata software, version 16 (Stata Corp LLC, College Station, TX), and Stata Plugin was used to estimate GBTM parameters.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trajectories of Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence and Virologic Failure in Women With HIV in the United States

Elbur

Ghebremichael

Konkle‐Parker

et al. 2023

JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trajectories of Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence and Virologic Failure in Women With HIV in the United States

Elbur

Ghebremichael

Konkle‐Parker

et al. 2023

JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes

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“…We expanded search parameters for three participants who did not have CD4 values available within 6 months of the visit to a measurement within 5 years (HIV + /POLY-, n = 2; HIV + /POLY + , n = 1). Undetectable viral loads were defined as < 20 copies/mL 35 . Three participants surpassed this threshold (HIV + /POLY- (36 copies/mL); HIV + /POLY + (23 and 97 copies/mL), but met criteria for viral suppression (defined as less than 200 copies/mL) 35 – 37 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Undetectable viral loads were defined as < 20 copies/mL 35 . Three participants surpassed this threshold (HIV + /POLY- (36 copies/mL); HIV + /POLY + (23 and 97 copies/mL), but met criteria for viral suppression (defined as less than 200 copies/mL) 35 – 37 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of basal ganglia volume changes in the context of HIV and polysubstance use

Monick

Joyce

Chugh

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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HIV and psychoactive substances can impact the integrity of the basal ganglia (BG), a neural substrate of cognition, motor control, and reward-seeking behaviors. This study assessed BG gray matter (GM) volume as a function of polysubstance (stimulant and opioid) use and HIV status. We hypothesized that comorbid polysubstance use and HIV seropositivity would alter BG GM volume differently than would polysubstance use or HIV status alone. We collected structural MRI scans, substance use history, and HIV diagnoses. Participants who had HIV (HIV +), a history of polysubstance dependence (POLY +), both, or neither completed assessments for cognition, motor function, and risk-taking behaviors (N = 93). All three clinical groups showed a left-lateralized pattern of GM reduction in the BG relative to controls. However, in the HIV + /POLY + group, stimulant use was associated with increased GM volume within the globus pallidus and putamen. This surpassed the effects from opioid use, as indicated by decreased GM volume throughout the BG in the HIV-/POLY + group. Motor learning was impaired in all three clinical groups, and in the HIV + /POLY + group, motor learning was associated with increased caudate and putamen GM volume. We also observed associations between BG GM volume and risk-taking behaviors in the HIV + /POLY- and HIV-/POLY + groups. The effects of substance use on the BG differed as a function of substance type used, HIV seropositivity, and BG subregion. Although BG volume decreased in association with HIV and opioid use, stimulants can, inversely, lead to BG volume increases within the context of HIV.

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“…Clinically, viral suppression is defined as having HIV RNA levels in the blood that are below the limit of detection of standard clinical assays (typically 20-50 copies/mL). 12,13 Patients on cART with HIV RNA below this limit continue to harbor HIV-infected cells and very low levels of HIV RNA throughout their body. Yet, they are not capable of sexually transmitting the virus.…”

Section: Hiv Infection and Modern Antiviral Therapiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiovascular Disease and Thrombosis in HIV Infection

Perkins

Joseph

Dittmer

et al. 2023

ATVB

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HIV infection has transitioned from an acute, fatal disease to a chronic one managed by antiretroviral therapy. Thus, the aging population of people living with HIV (PLWH) continues to expand. HIV infection results in a dysregulated immune system, wherein CD4 + T cells are depleted, particularly in the gastrointestinal tract, disrupting the gut epithelial barrier. Long-term HIV infection is associated with chronic inflammation through potentially direct mechanisms caused by viral replication or exposure to viral proteins and indirect mechanisms resulting from increased translocation of microbial products from the intestine or exposure to antiretroviral therapy. Chronic inflammation (as marked by IL [interleukin]-6 and CRP [C-reactive protein]) in PLWH promotes endothelial cell dysfunction and atherosclerosis. PLWH show significantly increased rates of cardiovascular disease, such as myocardial infarction (risk ratio, 1.79 [95% CI, 1.54–2.08]) and stroke (risk ratio, 2.56 [95% CI, 1.43–4.61]). In addition, PLWH have increased levels of the coagulation biomarker D-dimer and have a two to ten-fold increased risk of venous thromboembolism compared with the general population. Several small clinical trials analyzed the effect of different antithrombotic agents on platelet activation, coagulation, inflammation, and immune cell activation. Although some markers for coagulation were reduced, most agents failed to reduce inflammatory markers in PLWH. More studies are needed to understand the underlying mechanisms driving inflammation in PLWH to create better therapies for lowering chronic inflammation in PLWH. Such therapies can potentially reduce atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disease, and thrombosis rates in PLWH and thus overall mortality in this population.

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Limits of Detection and Limits of Infection: Quantitative HIV Measurement in the Era of U = U

Cited by 7 publications

References 6 publications

Trajectories of Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence and Virologic Failure in Women With HIV in the United States

Trajectories of Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence and Virologic Failure in Women With HIV in the United States

Characterization of basal ganglia volume changes in the context of HIV and polysubstance use

Cardiovascular Disease and Thrombosis in HIV Infection

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