Limits and potentials of office building climatisation with ambient air

Eicker, Ursula; Huber, M.; Seeberger, P.; Vorschulze, Christoph

doi:10.1016/j.enbuild.2005.09.004

Cited by 35 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…This finding is generally in line with an earlier scenario-based analysis by Roaf et al (1998), with empirical evidence for the exceptionally hot summer of 2003 (Eicker et al 2006), as well as with the studies of Geros et al (2005) and Kolokotroni et al (2006), who concluded that in urban areas increased temperatures of a few degrees significantly lower the performance of nighttime ventilation.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…In Southern Europe passive night-time cooling might not be sufficient the whole year round, but could still be used in hybrid systems. Eicker et al (2006) provided experimental evidence for the limitations of night-time ventilation under climatic conditions currently regarded as extreme. They monitored for three years an advanced low-energy office building in Weilheim, Germany, which was constructed in 1999, that was also equipped with an earth-to-air heat exchanger.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of climate warming on passive night cooling potential

Artmann¹,

Gyalistras²,

Manz³

et al. 2008

Building Research & Information

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Night-time ventilation is often seen as a promising passive cooling concept. However, as it requires a sufficiently high temperature difference between ambient air and the building structure, this technique is highly sensitive to changes in climatic conditions. In order to quantify the impact of climate warming on the night-time ventilative cooling potential in Europe, eight representative locations across a latitudinal transect were considered. Based on a degreehours method, site-specific regression models were developed to predict the climatic cooling potential (CCP) from minimum daily air temperature (T min ). CCP was computed for present conditions (1961-90) using measured T min data from the European Climate Assessment (ECA) database. Possible time-dependent changes in CCP were assessed for 1990-2100, with particular emphasis on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 'A2' and 'B2' scenarios for future emissions of greenhouse gases and aerosols. Time-dependent, site-specific T min scenarios were constructed from 30 Regional Climate Model (RCM) simulated data sets, as obtained from the European PRUDENCE project. Under both emissions scenarios and across all locations and seasons, CCP was found to decrease substantially by the end of the 21st century. For the six Central and Northern European locations (>478 8 8 8 8N) CCP was found to decrease in summer (June-August) by 20-50%. For the two Southern European locations (Madrid and Athens), future CCP was found to become negligible during the summer and to decrease by 20-55% during the spring and the autumn. The study clearly shows that night-time cooling potential will cease to be sufficient to ensure thermal comfort in many Southern and Central European buildings. In Central and Northern Europe, a significant passive cooling potential is likely to remain, at least for the next few decades. Upper and lower bound estimates for future CCP were found to diverge strongly in the course of the 21st century, suggesting the need for flexible building design and for risk assessments that account for a wide range of emissions scenarios and uncertainty in climate model results.La ventilation nocturne est souvent considérée comme un concept de refroidissement passif prometteur. Toutefois, cette technique nécessitant une différence de température suffisamment élevée entre l'air ambiant et la structure du bâ timent, elle est très sensible aux changements des conditions climatiques. Pour quantifier l'impact du réchauffement climatique sur les possibilités de refroidissement par ventilation nocturne, on a considéré huit emplacements représentatifs sur une transversale latitudinale en Europe. Sur la base d'une méthode 'degrés-heures', on a développé des modèles de régression spécifiques à des sites pour prévoir le potentiel de refroidissement climatique (CCP) à partir de la température quotidienne minimale de l'air (T min ). On a calculé le CCP pour les conditions présentes pendant la période 1961-90 en utilisant les données T min de la base de données ECA (Evaluati...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of climate warming on passive night cooling potential

Artmann¹,

Gyalistras²,

Manz³

et al. 2008

Building Research & Information

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Good performance depends on the climate having a substantial annual temperature range so that the ground temperature (which will be close to the mean annual temperature) is comparatively cool. The ratio of the cooling obtained to fan energy required to move air through the earth pipe (analogous to the coefficient of performance (COP) of a heat pump or air conditioner) in experimental studies ranges from a low as about 5 in Italy (Solaini et al 1998) and 8 in India during the pre-monsoon hot period (Thanu et al 2001) to 30-50 in Germany (Eicker et al 2006). Up to a 70% reduction in the cooling load in the northern US is possible with earthpipe cooling (Lee and Strand 2008).…”

Section: Earth-pipe Coolingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reducing energy use in the buildings sector: measures, costs, and examples

Harvey

2009

Energy Efficiency

159

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This paper reviews the literature concerning the energy savings that can be achieved through optimized building shape and form, improved building envelopes, improved efficiencies of individual energyusing devices, alternative energy using systems in buildings, and through enlightened occupant behavior and operation of building systems. Cost information is also provided. Both new buildings and retrofits are discussed. Energy-relevant characteristics of the building envelope include window-to-wall ratios, insulation levels of the walls and roof, thermal resistance and solar heat gain coefficient of windows, degree of air tightness to prevent unwanted exchange of air between the inside and outside, and presence or absence of operable windows that connect to pathways for passive ventilation. Provision of a high-performance envelope is the single most important factor in the design of lowenergy buildings, not only because it reduces the heating and cooling loads that the mechanical system must satisfy but also because it permits alternative (and low-energy) systems for meeting the reduced loads. In many cases, equipment with significantly greater efficiency than is currently used is available. However, the savings available through better and alternative energy-using systems (such as alternative heating, ventilation, cooling, and lighting systems) are generally much larger than the savings that can be achieved by using more efficient devices (such as boilers, fans, chillers, and lamps). Because improved building envelopes and improved building systems reduce the need for mechanical heating and cooling equipment, buildings with dramatically lower energy use (50-75% savings) often entail no greater construction cost than conventional design while yielding significant annual energy-cost savings.

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“…This can be attributed to the high temperature difference between the soil and air in the beginning of the duct, which continues to decrease as the air passes through the duct. Eicker compared the impact of different configurations of the ground cooling systems on the energy consumption of an office building in Germany [56][57][58]. They observed that even though the EAHE could function at a high coefficient of performance (approximately 30), the EAHE could only meet about 20% of the total cooling load of the office building.…”

Section: Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Underground Soil and Night Sky as Passive Heat Sink: Design Configurations and Models

Vidhi

2018

Energies

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Energy consumption for heating and cooling constitute the majority of the energy use for building loads. Using passive cooling systems to reduce the energy consumption or to make the process more efficient can be very beneficial. Ground coupled heat exchangers and night sky radiative cooling systems have been used for centuries to achieve cooling and ice making. Ground coupled heat exchangers use the temperature difference between underground soil and ambient air or water for heat transfer between the soil and the fluid passing through buried pipes. Night sky radiative cooling takes advantage of the night sky as the coldest heat sink available for heat transfer with any surface. Use of these simple designs with the modern cooling/heating systems has the potential for a major impact on the heating and cooling needs. This review paper describes the various designs, configurations and applications of these systems as well as determining the parameters that impact their performance.

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Limits and potentials of office building climatisation with ambient air

Cited by 35 publications

References 5 publications

Impact of climate warming on passive night cooling potential

Impact of climate warming on passive night cooling potential

Reducing energy use in the buildings sector: measures, costs, and examples

A Review of Underground Soil and Night Sky as Passive Heat Sink: Design Configurations and Models

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