Limiting GPR in a two-layer soil model via genetic algorithms

Soil layer resistivity modelling is a vital component of grounding system design. Grounding system for facility, equipment, power station and general system protection purposes must be designed to be able to handle the anticipated level of fault current. To achieve this; the earth rods, mats and any other equivalent alternatives deployed must be adequately sized in terms of the physical dimensions and the number of such rods required in order to achieve the desired low, overall grounding system resistance. The resistance to earth of a grounding system is a function of the resistivity of the soil in concern, and to ensure appropriate design, the resistivity profile of the soil must be determined via appropriate soil modelling. This paper presents a Monte Carlo simulation approach to two layer soil modelling using the square error as an optimization function. The result of the simulation shows an improvement in model accuracy, and it also conforms significantly with the results of published works that applied genetic algorithm.

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“…The change in resistivity at the boundary between two layers is defined as the reflection coefficient k [12,17], where…”

Section: Two Layer Soil Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Software For Improved Online Teaching Of Power System Analysis For Undergraduates

Somefun

Babayomi

Awosope

et al. 2020

2020 IEEE PES/IAS PowerAfrica

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“…A detailed review of the grounding system behaviors in homogeneous soil conditions has been published in [24]. Although there is extensive research on grounding behavior in uniform [4], [5], [25] and two-layer soil; top layer depth of two-layer soil [14]; the number of grounding meshes [26]; length of ground rods in two-layer soil [27]; algorithms [3], [6], [28] and reflection factors [29], [30] there is still no complete analysis currently available which comprises the impact of grounding grid dimensions, the number of ground rods and the impact of grid depth as the grid design varies in twolayer soil on grounding grid behaviors and safety. Most of the investigations were based on many assumptions and different physical approaches, which resulted in many equations developed over the last few decades.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…P.Navinesshani: The Impact of Substation Grounding Grid Design Parameters in Non-Homogenous Soil to the Grid Safety Threshold Parameters (February 2021)6 VOLUME XX, 2021…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Substation Grounding Grid Design Parameters in Non-Homogenous Soil to the Grid Safety Threshold Parameters

et al. 2021

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It is important to ensure that a grounding system is designed with a low magnitude of earth resistance, so the protection system can divert the large fault current to earth effectively. The performances and protection level of a grounding system need to be acknowledged as the condition of soil structure changes with different soil characteristics. At present, there is a lack of systematic guide or standards for grounding grid designs that consider non-uniform soil and its impact on the grounding systems. By computing the grid safety threshold parameters consisting of the grid impedance, step, and touch voltages, a comparison has been made between uniform soil and two-layer soil models. Where the competence and level of safety of the grounding systems depend on the soil attributes, the significant impact of various soil conditions is seen. The evaluations on performance and safety assessment in two-layer soil conditions hold the novelty and originality as there is no such comparison and discussion have been made to date. These comparisons would help in forecasting the behavior and safety of the grounding system in various soil environments, which would provide engineers with additional expertise to design an effective and secure grounding system. This research would contribute to the existing body of knowledge by differentiating and predicting the performance of a grounding system when the characteristics of the soil differ significantly from uniform soil as most of the standards and guidelines only consider uniform soil while designing a grounding system, owing to its complexity at the site. INDEX TERMS grounding grid impedance, step voltage, touch voltage, multilayer soil, uniform soil, non-homogeneous soil.

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“…Genetic algorithms are commonly used for solving optimization problems, for example, minimizing the total cost of grounding [24], optimizing the design of grounding grids [25], [26], analyzing soil structure [27] and limiting GPR in two-layer soil structures [28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reducing the Effect of Lightning on Step and Touch Voltages in a Grounding Grid Using a Nature-Inspired Genetic Algorithm With ATP-EMTP

et al. 2019

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This paper discusses the step and touch voltages, based on body resistance, in a grounding grid after a lightning strike at a 434-/21-kV substation. To ensure grounding grid safety, the maximum step and touch voltage should not exceed the safety criteria defined by the IEEE Std. 80. In this paper, ATP-EMTP and a genetic algorithm are used to analyze and optimize the step and touch voltages in a power grid. The voltages are calculated under normal conditions of a lightning strike at a power system. Thevenin's theorem is applied to calculate the step and touch voltages. The genetic algorithm is applied in ATP-EMTP to obtain the minimum level of step and touch voltages in the grounding grid after lightning strikes the power system. The step and touch voltages at different positions of the grounding grid are explained in this paper using the ATP-EMTP and the genetic algorithm. The computer simulation shows that the proposed scheme is highly feasible and technically attractive.INDEX TERMS Safety assessment, touch voltage, step voltage, genetic algorithm, ATP-EMTP.

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Limiting GPR in a two-layer soil model via genetic algorithms

Cited by 6 publications

References 10 publications

Software For Improved Online Teaching Of Power System Analysis For Undergraduates

Software For Improved Online Teaching Of Power System Analysis For Undergraduates

The Impact of Substation Grounding Grid Design Parameters in Non-Homogenous Soil to the Grid Safety Threshold Parameters

Reducing the Effect of Lightning on Step and Touch Voltages in a Grounding Grid Using a Nature-Inspired Genetic Algorithm With ATP-EMTP

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