Limiting factors of saffron corm production from the perspective of microorganisms

Han, Shuwen; Yang, Xi; Li, Liqin; Yuan, Yufeng; Gui-fen, Zhou; Yan, Chong; Dong, Yan; Qian, Xiao-Dong

doi:10.1016/j.scienta.2018.11.002

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Saffron crocus plants were cultivated at a research farm at South Tai Lake Agricultural Park, Huzhou (longitude 120.6° E, latitude: 30.52° N, elevation 0 m), using a two-stage cultivation method: corms planted in soil to allow them to grow outdoors and be cultivated indoors without soil [32]. In May 2016, dormant corms were excavated from the field and stored indoors for approximately half a year until flowering.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single-molecule real-time transcript sequencing identified flowering regulatory genes in Crocus sativus

et al. 2019

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BackgroundSaffron crocus (Crocus sativus) is a valuable spice with medicinal uses in gynaecopathia and nervous system diseases. Identify flowering regulatory genes plays a vital role in increasing flower numbers, thereby resulting in high saffron yield.ResultsTwo full length transcriptome gene sets of flowering and non-flowering saffron crocus were established separately using the single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing method. A total of sixteen SMRT cells generated 22.85 GB data and 75,351 full-length saffron crocus unigenes on the PacBio RS II panel and further obtained 79,028 SSRs, 72,603 lncRNAs and 25,400 alternative splicing (AS) events. Using an Illumina RNA-seq platform, an additional fifteen corms with different flower numbers were sequenced. Many differential expression unigenes (DEGs) were screened separately between flowering and matched non-flowering top buds with cold treatment (1677), flowering top buds of 20 g corms and non-flowering top buds of 6 g corms (1086), and flowering and matched non-flowering lateral buds (267). A total of 62 putative flower-related genes that played important roles in vernalization (VRNs), gibberellins (G3OX, G2OX), photoperiod (PHYB, TEM1, PIF4), autonomous (FCA) and age (SPLs) pathways were identified and a schematic representation of the flowering gene regulatory network in saffron crocus was reported for the first time. After validation by real-time qPCR in 30 samples, two novel genes, PB.20221.2 (p = 0.004, r = 0.52) and PB.38952.1 (p = 0.023, r = 0.41), showed significantly higher expression levels in flowering plants. Tissue distribution showed specifically high expression in flower organs and time course expression analysis suggested that the transcripts increasingly accumulated during the flower development period.ConclusionsFull-length transcriptomes of flowering and non-flowering saffron crocus were obtained using a combined NGS short-read and SMRT long-read sequencing approach. This report is the first to describe the flowering gene regulatory network of saffron crocus and establishes a reference full-length transcriptome for future studies on saffron crocus and other Iridaceae plants.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single-molecule real-time transcript sequencing identified flowering regulatory genes in Crocus sativus

et al. 2019

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“…Saffron plants which came from the same clone line were cultivated at a research farm at South Tai Lake Agricultural Park, Huzhou (longitude 120.6 • E, latitude: 30.52 • N, elevation 0 m), using a two-stage cultivation method: corms were planted in soil to allow them to grow outdoors, and they were cultivated indoors without soil (Han et al, 2019). In May 2018, dormant corms (≈25 g) with the same germplasm source and planting method were excavated from the field and divided into two groups, one cultivated at room temperature (20-25 • C, flowering phenotype) and the other exposed to low temperature (16 • C, non-flowering phenotype) for 30 days.…”

Section: Plant Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening of Key Proteins Affecting Floral Initiation of Saffron Under Cold Stress Using iTRAQ-Based Proteomics

Chen

Gui-fen

Dong³

et al. 2021

Front. Plant Sci.

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BackgroundSaffron crocus (Crocus sativus) is an expensive and valuable species that presents preventive and curative effects. This study aimed to screen the key proteins affecting the floral initiation of saffron under cold stress and thus increasing yield by regulating the temperature.ResultsProtein expression profiles in flowering and non-flowering saffron buds were established using isobaric tags for relative or absolute quantitation (iTRAQ). A total of 5,624 proteins were identified, and 201 differentially abundant protein species (DAPs) were further obtained between the flowering and non-flowering groups. The most important functions of the upregulated DAPs were “sucrose metabolic process,” “lipid transport,” “glutathione metabolic process,” and “gene silencing by RNA.” Downregulated DAPs were significantly enriched in “starch biosynthetic process” and several oxidative stress response pathways. Three new flower-related proteins, CsFLK, CseIF4a, and CsHUA1, were identified in this study. The following eight key genes were validated by real-time qPCR in flowering and non-flowering top buds from five different growth phases: floral induction- and floral organ development-related genes CsFLK, CseIF4A, CsHUA1, and CsGSTU7; sucrose synthase activity-related genes CsSUS1 and CsSUS2; and starch synthase activity-related genes CsGBSS1 and CsPU1. These findings demonstrate the important roles played by sucrose/starch biosynthesis pathways in floral development at the mRNA level. During normal floral organ development, the sucrose contents in the top buds of saffron increased, and the starch contents decreased. In contrast, non-flowering buds showed significantly decreased sucrose contents under cold stress and no significant changes in starch contents compared with those in the dormancy stage.ConclusionIn this report, the protein profiles of saffron under cold stress and a normal environment were revealed for the first time by iTRAQ. A possible “reactive oxygen species–antioxidant system–starch/sugar interconversion flowering pathway” was established to explain the phenomenon that saffron does not bloom due to low temperature treatment.

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“…Another thing that caught our attention was that the pathogens were isolated from the diseased corms and no pathogen was isolated from the diseased fields and tested for pathogenicity. Moreover, in the last 3 years, nobody has reported F. oxysporum , neither from rotten corms nor from the soil, as a pathogen, let alone as the most devastating pathogen ( Shuwen et al., 2019 ; Muñoz et al., 2020 ; Zhang et al., 2020 ; Mirghasempour et al., 2022a , Mirghasempour et al., 2022b ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Injury and not the pathogen is the primary cause of corm rot in Crocus sativus (saffron)

et al. 2023

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Fusarium oxysporum has been reported to be the most devastating pathogen of Crocus sativus L., a commercially significant crop that yields the saffron spice. However, most of the pathogen isolations have been done from the diseased tissue, mostly from rotten corms, but no study has been conducted on diseased saffron fields. To fill the knowledge gap, the current study was carried out with the intention of recording the diversity of cultivable fungus species from saffron fields and screening them for pathogenicity towards saffron. The three study locations in Jammu and Kashmir, Srinagar (Pampore), Kishtwar, and Ramban, yielded a total of 45 fungal isolates. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of rDNA was used for the molecular identification. ITS rDNA-based sequence analysis classified all the operational taxonomic units (OTUs) into two phyla—Ascomycota (88.88%) and Mucoromycota (11.11%). Moreover, Fusarium (57.77%), Geotrichum (17.77%), Mucor (11.11%), Aspergillus (4.44%), Trichoderma (4.44%), Galactomyces (2.22%), and Colletotrichum (2.22%) all had different total abundances at the genus level. It was discovered that the saffron fields in Srinagar have fewer varied fungal species than the other two selected sites. All of the fungal isolates isolated including Fusarium solani, Aspergillus flavus, Trichoderma harzianum, Fusarium neocosmosporiellum, and Mucor circinelloides were pathogenic according to the pathogenicity test; however, injury to the saffron plant was found to be a must. These fungi were pathogenic in addition to F. oxysporum, which is well documented as a major cause of saffron corm rot diseases in Srinagar, but in the present study, injury was a must for F. oxysporum as well. The percentage disease severity index for both saffron roots and corms varied for each fungal isolate.

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Limiting factors of saffron corm production from the perspective of microorganisms

Cited by 11 publications

References 22 publications

Single-molecule real-time transcript sequencing identified flowering regulatory genes in Crocus sativus

Single-molecule real-time transcript sequencing identified flowering regulatory genes in Crocus sativus

Screening of Key Proteins Affecting Floral Initiation of Saffron Under Cold Stress Using iTRAQ-Based Proteomics

Injury and not the pathogen is the primary cause of corm rot in Crocus sativus (saffron)

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