Limiting factors for planar solid oxide fuel cells under different trace compound concentrations

Papurello, Davide; Lanzini, Andrea; Drago, Davide; Leone, Pierluigi; Santarelli, Massimo

doi:10.1016/j.energy.2015.11.070

Cited by 59 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Through anaerobic digestion, these kinds of plants produce biogas, which can be used as fuel for feeding fuel cells. However, one of the main drawbacks for high-temperature solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) generators is their low tolerability towards contaminants present in biogas, since they have detrimental effects, mainly related to catalyst deactivation, carbon deposition and pore clogging [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. A clean-up section is therefore mandatory before entering the fuel cell generator in order to remove the most dangerous contaminants [14][15][16][17][18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biogas Cleaning: Activated Carbon Regeneration for H2S Removal

Coppola

Papurello

2018

Clean Technol.

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Abstract:The coupling of fuel cell technology with wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) is within the sustainable development imperative for the integration of energy production purposes and recovery of materials, even if research is still under development in this field. The anaerobic digestion process can be used for fuel cell feeding, only if trace contaminants are removed continuously. The most harmful and frequent contaminant is H 2 S. This article shows the results of H 2 S adsorption on activated carbon fixed-beds (dry process), since it is one of the best solutions from both the complexity and costs perspectives. Inside the wide range of commercial activated carbons, a specific commercial carbon has been used in test campaigns, since it is also used in the Società Metropolitana Acque Torino (SMAT) real plant. Thermal regeneration of spent carbons was exploited, using different conditions of temperature, treatment time and atmosphere, since it is a better cost-effective and environmentally sound option than immediate carbon disposal after adsorption. Regeneration with CO 2 showed the best regeneration ratio values. In particular, the best conditions achieved were 300 • C and 75 min of thermal treatment time, with a regeneration ratio of 30%.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biogas Cleaning: Activated Carbon Regeneration for H2S Removal

Coppola

Papurello

2018

Clean Technol.

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“…Data for H 2 S contamination have been taken from [32][33][34][35]. Experimental data for HCl contamination were taken from [27,32]. Data for tars were taken in the framework of the EU project SOFCOM (www.sofcom.eu) and [36].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Raw experimental data for degradation calculation in the presence of siloxanes were taken from [19,32]. Data for H 2 S contamination have been taken from [32][33][34][35].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reporting Degradation from Different Fuel Contaminants in Ni‐anode SOFCs

et al. 2017

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The real-life operation of solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) system has to deal with fuel contaminants which might reduce even significantly the lifetime of reformer and stack depending on the type and amount of contaminant present in the feed stream. From a system perspective, detecting and correlating observed stack and reformer performance degradation with fuel contamination is fundamental to implement correctional procedures (e.g., change of clean-up vessels catalysts) and/or trigger alarms to prevent a further contamination of the fuel cell. In this work, based on own experiments with several fuel contaminants (H 2 S, HCl, tars, siloxanes), we have developed empirical degradation models which are able to quantitatively correlate the range of degradation rate resulting from known amounts of a certain contaminant type in the fuel stream. Degradation induced by carbon deposition is also assessed using a simulation model. The techno-economic trade-off of having ultra-stringent purification requirements on the fuel clean-up unit due to additional operating costs (e.g., for frequent catalysts change) or capital costs (e.g., for vessel over-sizing to accommodate a larger amount of catalysts and possibly of different types) versus the lifetime of the fuel cell stacks is eventually analyzed.

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“…Considering the method investigated by Papurello et al, (2016),figure 7shows the different contribution on the ASR value for the syngas with and without the toluene concentration[19]. EIS contribution for clean syngas and syngas + 3.8 and + 24 ppm(v) of toluene (current density 0.33 A/cm 2 , temperature 750 °C).…”

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confidence: 99%

The effect of heavy tars (toluene and naphthalene) on the electrochemical performance of an anode-supported SOFC running on bio-syngas

et al. 2016

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The effect of heavy tar compounds on the performance of a Ni-YSZ anode supported solid oxide fuel cell was investigated. Both toluene and naphthalene were chosen as model compounds and tested separately with a simulated bio-syngas. Notably, the effect of naphthalene is almost negligible with pure H 2 feed to the SOFC, whereas a severe degradation is observed when using a bio-syngas with an H 2 :CO = 1. The tar compound showed to have a remarkable effect on the inhibition of the WGS shift-reaction, possibly also on the CO direct electro-oxidation at the threephase-boundary. An interaction through adsorption of naphthalene on nickel catalytic and electrocatalytic active sites is a plausible explanation for observed degradation and strong performance loss. Different sites seem to be involved for H 2 and CO electro-oxidation and also with regard to catalytic water gas shift reaction. Finally, heavy tars (C≥10) must be regarded as a poison more than a fuel for SOFC applications, contrarily to lighter compounds such benzene or toluene that can directly reformed within the anode electrode. The presence of naphthalene strongly increases the risk of anode re-oxidation in a syngas stream as CO conversion to H 2 is inhibited and also CH 4 conversion is blocked.

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Limiting factors for planar solid oxide fuel cells under different trace compound concentrations

Cited by 59 publications

References 44 publications

Biogas Cleaning: Activated Carbon Regeneration for H2S Removal

Biogas Cleaning: Activated Carbon Regeneration for H2S Removal

Reporting Degradation from Different Fuel Contaminants in Ni‐anode SOFCs

The effect of heavy tars (toluene and naphthalene) on the electrochemical performance of an anode-supported SOFC running on bio-syngas

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