Limiting concentration during batch electrodialysis process for concentrating high salinity solutions: A theoretical and experimental study

Sun, Bo; Zhang, Muxing; Huang, Shifang; Wang, Jianwei; Zhang, Xiaosong

doi:10.1016/j.desal.2020.114793

Cited by 34 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…This table includes the energy application approach, CE, and removal values. Studies that have reported high CE values (90-220%) indicating the dependence of the energy approach used and the initial levels of ions in diluted fraction by the order of 2-414 g/L [66][67][68][69]. By understanding this dependence, appropriated current densities or current application approaches can be selected, avoiding back diffusion of ions and water splitting, and therefore reach high CE [70].…”

Section: Current Efficiency (Ce)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Product losses in ED can be related to different factors: the charge of molecules in solution susceptible to pH value and pH changes (e.g., amphoterism), affinity by membrane material, and diffusional effects [48,69,72]. Considering the non-amphoteric nature of the substances and the pH stability of the process (Table 2), a movement of products due to protonation and electric charge is unfeasible.…”

Section: Recovery Of Salts In the Concentrated Fractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Considering the non-amphoteric nature of the substances and the pH stability of the process (Table 2), a movement of products due to protonation and electric charge is unfeasible. Consequently, losses of product going through the membranes can be mainly associated with diffusional phenomena like diffusion-driven for the difference in concentrations or electro-osmosis caused by water cotransport [69,72]. Besides losses of valuable material, this diffusional phenomenon can cause biofouling, reducing the life of the membranes and the performance of separation.…”

Section: Recovery Of Salts In the Concentrated Fractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recovery of Salts from Synthetic Erythritol Culture Broth via Electrodialysis: An Alternative Strategy from the Bin to the Loop

et al. 2022

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Sustainability and circularity are currently two relevant drivers in the development and optimisation of industrial processes. This study assessed the use of electrodialysis (ED) to purify synthetic erythritol culture broth and for the recovery of the salts in solution, for minimising the generation of waste by representing an efficient alternative to remove ions, ensuring their recovery process contributing to reaching cleaner standards in erythritol production. Removal and recovery of ions was evaluated for synthetic erythritol culture broth at three different levels of complexity using a stepwise voltage in the experimental settings. ED was demonstrated to be a potential technology removing between 91.7–99.0% of ions from the synthetic culture broth, with 49–54% current efficiency. Besides this, further recovery of ions into the concentrated fraction was accomplished. The anions and cations were recovered in a second fraction reaching concentration factors between 1.5 to 2.5 times while observing low level of erythritol losses (<2%), with an energy consumption of 4.10 kWh/m3.

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Section: Current Efficiency (Ce)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Recovery Of Salts In the Concentrated Fractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Recovery Of Salts In the Concentrated Fractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recovery of Salts from Synthetic Erythritol Culture Broth via Electrodialysis: An Alternative Strategy from the Bin to the Loop

et al. 2022

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“…When the diluate-to-concentrate volume ratio is high, the concentration degree should be greater in comparison with a low ratio. However, the trade-off in having a high concentration degree is that the concentration difference between the diluate and concentrate during ED is higher [ 1 , 29 ]. This promotes electro-osmotic water transport and the concentration gradient between the diluate and concentrate.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on the Effectiveness of Simultaneous Recovery and Concentration of 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium Chloride Ionic Liquid by Electrodialysis with Heterogeneous Ion-Exchange Membranes

Babilas

Kowalik-Klimczak

Dydo

2021

IJMS

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Due to the extensive range of ionic liquids (ILs) used in industry, an efficient recovery method is needed. In this study, the effectiveness of a simultaneous concentration and recovery method was investigated for 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([Emim]Cl), an IL that was recovered using electrodialysis (ED). The optimal operational parameters for electrodialytic recovery were determined empirically. The variables that were investigated included the concentration of IL, applied voltage, linear flow velocity and the diluate-to-concentrate volume ratio. The recovery of [Emim]Cl, the concentration degree, the [Emim]Cl flux across membranes, the current efficiency, as well as the energy consumption were determined. The results of the experiments confirmed that [Emim]Cl concentration and recovery can be achieved using ED. The highest ED efficiency was obtained when a 2 V electric potential per one membrane pair was applied, using a 2 cm/s linear flow velocity, and by adjusting to 0.2 M IL in the feed solution. By using ED, a 2.35-fold concentration of [Emim]Cl with a recovery of 90.4% could be achieved when the diluate-to-concentrate volume ratio was 2. On the other hand, a 3.35-fold concentration of [Emim]Cl with a recovery of 81.7% could be obtained when the diluate-to-concentrate volume ratio was increased to 5.

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“…LCD was mostly studied in the ED application for seawater desalination. Therefore, ion transport mechanisms, such as migration and diffusion, along with the occurring phenomena appearing, such as osmosis and electro-osmosis, in the limiting and over limiting regions are available in literature [16,21,48]. LCD is expected to be seen in a flattening of the I-U curve (I-S), sudden ED stack resistance increase (C-B), sudden diluate pH drop (pH-method), maximum point in the current efficiency (λ), and desalting efficiency (ε) followed by a sudden drop of the current/desalting efficiency.…”

Section: Sss-range Of Nacl Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Graphical Methods for Determination of the Limiting Current Density in Complex Electrodialysis-Feed Solutions

et al. 2022

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Electrodialysis (ED) is a promising technology suitable for nutrient recovery from a wide variety of liquid waste streams. For optimal operating conditions, the limiting current density (LCD) has to be determined separately for each treated feed and ED equipment. LCD is most frequently assessed in the NaCl solutions. In this paper, five graphical methods available in literature were reviewed for LCD determination in a series of five feed solutions with different levels of complexity in ion and matrix composition. Wastewater from microbial fermentation was included among the feed solutions, containing charged and uncharged particles. The experiments, running in the batch ED with an online conductivity, temperature, and pH monitoring, were conducted to obtain data for the comparison of various LCD determination methods. The results revealed complements and divergences between the applied LCD methods with increasing feed concentrations and composition complexity. The Cowan and Brown method had the most consistent results for all of the feed solutions. Online conductivity monitoring was linearly correlated with the decreasing ion concentration in the feed solution and corresponding LCD. Therefore, the results obtained in this study can be applied as a base for the automatized dynamic control of the operating current density–voltage in the batch ED. Conductivity alone should not be used for the ED control since LCD depends on the ion exchange membranes, feed flow, temperature and concentration, ionic species, their concentration ratios, and uncharged particles of the feed solution.

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Limiting concentration during batch electrodialysis process for concentrating high salinity solutions: A theoretical and experimental study

Cited by 34 publications

References 25 publications

Recovery of Salts from Synthetic Erythritol Culture Broth via Electrodialysis: An Alternative Strategy from the Bin to the Loop

Recovery of Salts from Synthetic Erythritol Culture Broth via Electrodialysis: An Alternative Strategy from the Bin to the Loop

Study on the Effectiveness of Simultaneous Recovery and Concentration of 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium Chloride Ionic Liquid by Electrodialysis with Heterogeneous Ion-Exchange Membranes

Assessment of Graphical Methods for Determination of the Limiting Current Density in Complex Electrodialysis-Feed Solutions

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