Limited transmission of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in East Azarbaijan, Iran

Abstract

TransmissionCluster Resistance a b s t r a c t Tuberculosis is the leading cause of death in adults from a single infectious agent, killing about 3 million people every year. One-third of the human population is thought to be infected by the causative agent Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Multidrug resistance isolates are one of the most important concerns in tuberculosis control. In this study, we used MIRU-VNTR to determine MDR-TB transmission in Tabriz. A hundred and twenty M. tuberculosis isolates were collected from patients who referred to TB center of Tabriz and characterized for drug resistance and typing by MIRU-VNTR method. Thirty percent of the isolates were resistant to at least one drug. Among Iranian isolates only two isolates (1.9%) were MDR and in patients from the Republic of Azerbaijan four isolates (28.6%) were MDR. By MIRU-VNTR typing eighty eight distinct profiles were identified, including 20 clustered profiles and 68 unique patterns and fifty two isolates (43.3%) included in clusters. The minimum estimate of the proportion of tuberculosis transmission in East Azerbaijan with MIRU-VNTR was 26.7% and 14% of MDR isolates acquired infections recently. Results of the present study showed that high percent of TB cases are sensitive to antibiotics. MIRU-VNTR typing showed a limited number of MDR-TB transmission in our isolates set.Because of the increasing number of patients referred from Rep. of Azerbaijan with MDR-TB, we need more stewardship and controlling programs for these patients for preventing the outbreak of MDR-TB in our region.

Determining the risk of intra-community transmission of tuberculosis in the northwest of Iran through 15 loci MIRU-VNTR typing

“…The results demonstrated no TB transmission between people of Tabriz and Azerbaijan, at least during the year the studied was being conducted. These findings do not agree with the results obtained by Asgharzadeh et al [23]. Most likely, this disagreement lies in that the present study used additional number of loci with higher efficiency.…”

“…Moreover, a report from China estimated 8.5% ongoing tuberculosis [22]. On the other hand, Asgharzadeh et al [23] by using 12 loci MIRU-VNTR calculated the sharing of 26.6% TB transmission in almost the same as our studied region. Eimani et al, using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) method, came up with 66% for the ongoing transmission [24].…”

Challenges of Tuberculosis in Iran

“…Azeri patients travel to the northwest of Iran for tuberculosis treatment (25 multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, there is a need for more stewardship and control of these patients in order to prevent the outbreak of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in the region (25,26). This finding supports the proposal for a policy to screen all immigrants to Iran for tuberculosis, especially those from tuberculosis high-burden countries such as Azerbaijan, Pakistan, and Afghanistan.…”

Extraction and Biological Evaluation of the Membrane Vesicles of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (CRBIP7.11) as Adjuvant and Vaccine Candidate

“…Bacteria were cultured at 37°C in Loewenstein Johnson (LJ) media ( Pasteur Institute of Iran, Iran) adjusted to 1 McFarland turbidity for 3 -4 weeks (12). For confirmation of the species, standard microbiological and biochemical tests, including pigment production, growth rate, niacin production, catalase activity, and nitrate reduction were performed (13).…”