Limited sequence variation in human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 isolates from North American and African patients

Sequence and phylogenetic analysis of human T cell lymphotropic virus type 1 from Tumaco, Colombia

“…For this reason the present study focused on a segment of 383 bp of the env gene, to study the genetic variability in four of the isolated samples (TUM0072, TUM0310, TUM0385 and TUM3049) since such a segment contains the sequences that code for immunodominant epitopes on gp46 (Lipka et al 1990). We, and others (Gray et al 1990, Schultz et al 1991, Paine et al 1991) have observed C → T and G → A changes at nucleotide position 5468 and 5470 respectively, when compared to the ATK-1 isolate; this could be due to a mistake in the sequencing process of the ATK-1 prototype strain.…”

“…Sequences of the clones obtained from the same sample showed complete agreement showing that the amplified fragments were composed of a homogeneous population of PCR products, and the changes observed were consequently not artifacts, but reflect changes in the viral genomic sequences. The nucleotide sequences were aligned and compared with the sequences of the HTLV-1 strains from various geographic regions including Japan (ATK-1, H5, TSP-1, MT-2; Seiki et al 1983, Gray et al 1990), the Caribbean area (HS-35, CH; Malik et al 1988Schultz et al 1991), Romania (H990; Schultz et al 1991), Melanesia (MEL-1; Gessain et al 1993), the United States (SP; Paine et al 1991), a variant from Gabon (GeneBank Accession number L33266; Moynet et al 1995), Chile (ST; Dekaban et al 1992) and Zaire (EL; Paine et al 1991, as well as the sequences of Simian T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (STLV-I) strain ptM3 from a pig-tailed macaque (Macaca nemestrina) from Indonesia (Watanabe et al 1985) and sequences of HTLV-1 strain Mo from the United States (Shimotohono et al 1985).…”

“…Although genome variation among strains of HTLV-1 is very low, a few nucleotide changes seem to be specific of the geographical origin of the strains. However, the genomic sequence of HTLV-1 isolated from patients with ATL and/or HAM/TSP show neither meaningful biological nor biochemical differences (Daenke et al 1990, Paine et al 1991.…”

Human T cell leukemia virus type I and neurologic disease: Events in bone marrow, peripheral blood, and central nervous system during normal immune surveillance and neuroinflammation

“…Furthermore, several HTLV-I proviruses isolated from ATL or HAM/TSP patients as well as HTLV-I-infected asymptomatic carriers have been isolated and sequenced (Yoshida et al, 1982;Josephs et al, 1984;Jacobson et al, 1988;Gessian et al, 1991;Komurian et al, 1991;Nerurkar et al, 1993). Although there was 95% homology between the sequenced clones, a number of the differences in nucleotide sequence between the clones lie in and around the U3 region of the LTR, which contains the viral promoter (Paine et al, 1991;Ratner et al, 1991). Although some evidence has suggested that nucleotide sequence variation within the LTR may not yet correlate in an obvious manner with disease phenotype (Daenke et al, 1990), the precise interactions of cellular factors, the HTLV-Iencoded trans-activator protein Tax, and speci®c LTR sequences that play a role in determining the pathogenic course after infection are not yet fully de®ned and must continue to be examined.…”

Sequence analysis of human T cell lymphotropic virus type I strains from southern India: gene amplification and direct sequencing from whole blood blotted onto filter paper

“…Nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence of the Indian HTLV-I strains were aligned and compared with those of HTLV-I strains ATK (Seiki et al, 1983), H5 (Tsujimoto et al, 1988), TSP-1 (Evangelista et al, 1990) and MT-2 (Gray et al, 1989(Gray et al, , 1990) from Japan, HS-35 (Malik et al, 1988) and CH (Paine et al, 1991 ; from the Caribbean basin, pt3 from Brazil (Schulz et al, 1991), ST from Chile (Dekaban et al, 1992), EL from Zaire (Paine et al, 1991;Ratner et al, 1991), BEL 1 from the Polynesian Outlier Bellona (Nerurkar et al, 1993), MEL 1 from Papua New Guinea (Nerurkar et al, 1993) and MEL 5 from the Solomon Islands (Nerurkar et aI., 1993), as well as with sequences of simian T cell lymphotropic virus type I (STLV-I) strains PtM3 from a pig-tailed macaque (Macaca nemestrina) from Indonesia (Watanabe et al, 1985), MM39-83 from a naturally infected rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) born in captivity (K.-J. Song, V. R. Nerurkar and R. Yanagihara, unpublished observations) and Tan90 from a tantalus monkey (Cercopithecus aethiops var.…”