Limited Mangrove Propagule Retention at a Latitudinal Range Limit: Spatiotemporal Patterns at the Patch Scale

Yando, Erik S.; Jones, Scott F.; Hester, Mark W.

doi:10.1007/s12237-020-00805-1

Cited by 12 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…When all replicate plots are included, more propagules are still present in the wrack treatments relative to the other microhabitats, but fewer propagules on average are retained in the wrack treatments during the spring tide trial than the neap tide trial (Appendix : Figure b). Indeed, propagule retention in live salt marsh is also more likely to be sustained in areas that are not regularly inundated following deposition by storms or spring tides (Peterson & Bell, 2012, 2015; Yando et al., 2020). Wrack is more buoyant than propagules and when wrack floats away with the tide, it can relocate mangrove propagules that are on top of wrack or trapped within wrack.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is unclear where missing propagules and wrack are subsequently deposited, which limits our capacity to predict establishment outcomes for these relocated propagules. Indeed, patches of high mangrove propagule retention can be spatially mismatched with the areas of high mangrove seedling density within the same marsh‐mangrove ecotone (Yando et al., 2020). Nonetheless, the tidal regime ultimately affects the degree to which wrack facilitates mangrove propagule recruitment by controlling the relative strength of propagule delivery and retention both within the marsh‐mangrove ecotone and as mangrove propagules disperse poleward into salt marsh habitats.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Avicennia germinans is crypto‐viviparous and produces robust, water‐dispersed propagules that are deposited in different microhabitats in intertidal salt marshes: in marsh vegetation, on bare sediment or with wrack. Mangrove propagule retention depends on the tidal regime and propagule interactions with live vegetation structure (Peterson & Bell, 2012, 2018; Van der Stocken et al., 2015; Yando et al., 2020). In North Florida, A. germinans propagule dispersal spatially overlaps with S. alterniflora wrack deposition from late September to early January (Smith et al., 2020b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Once retained, mangrove propagules are sensitive to desiccation stress during establishment and require a certain level of moisture to root (Farnsworth, 2000; Osborne & Berjak, 1997). However, severe inundation can also disrupt propagule establishment if propagules are uprooted by hydrodynamic forces (Balke et al., 2011; Yando et al., 2020). Thus, successful establishment requires a balance between the desiccation and hydrodynamic stressors that are both associated with the tidal regime (Delgado et al., 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dead litter of resident species first facilitates and then inhibits sequential life stages of range‐expanding species

2021

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Resident species can facilitate invading species (biotic assistance) or inhibit their expansion (biotic resistance). Species interactions are often context‐dependent and the relative importance of biotic assistance versus resistance could vary with abiotic conditions or the life stage of the invading species, as invader stress tolerances and resource requirements change with ontogeny. In northeast Florida salt marshes, the abundant dead litter (wrack) of the native marsh cordgrass, Spartina alterniflora, could influence the expansion success of the black mangrove, Avicennia germinans, a tropical species that is expanding its range northward. We used two field experiments to examine how S. alterniflora wrack affects A. germinans success during (a) propagule establishment and (b) subsequent seedling survival. We also conducted laboratory feeding assays to identify propagule consumers and assess how wrack presence influences herbivory on mangrove propagules. Spartina alterniflora wrack facilitated A. germinans establishment by promoting propagule recruitment, retention and rooting; the tidal regime influenced the magnitude of these effects. However, over time S. alterniflora wrack inhibited A. germinans seedling success by smothering seedlings and attracting herbivore consumers. Feeding assays identified rodents—which seek refuge in wrack—as consumers of A. germinans propagules. Synthesis. Our results suggest that the deleterious effects of S. alterniflora wrack on A. germinans seedling survival counterbalance the initial beneficial effects of wrack on A. germinans seed establishment. Such seed‐seedling conflicts can arise when species stress tolerances and resource requirements change throughout development and vary with abiotic conditions. In concert with the tidal conditions, the relative importance of positive and negative interactions with wrack at each life stage can influence the rate of local and regional mangrove expansion. Because interaction strengths can change in direction and magnitude with ontogeny, it is essential to examine resident–invader interactions at multiple life stages and across environmental gradients to uncover the mechanisms of biotic assistance and resistance during invasion.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dead litter of resident species first facilitates and then inhibits sequential life stages of range‐expanding species

2021

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“…Although the location of stranded propagules and the distribution of established seedlings can differ widely (Smith et al, 2020; Yando et al, 2021), the position of established seedlings indicates where propagules were stranded or trapped. Seedlings surveyed in 2011 were located close to the canopy most likely due to dispersal restrictions, but were less likely to be recruited into the sapling stage potentially due to reduced light availability.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salt marsh vegetation and secured woody debris facilitate the recolonization of Avicennia germinans

Pranchai

Jenke

Vogt

et al. 2021

J Vegetation Science

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Questions Does the presence of salt marsh vegetation affect the long‐term regeneration of the pioneer mangrove species Avicennia germinans in a degraded dwarf forest? Does immobilized coarse woody debris (CWD) affect regeneration similarly? Do larger trees suppress or facilitate intraspecific saplings? Location Dwarf mangrove forest in the high intertidal zone on the Bragança peninsula in northern Brazil. Methods The spatial patterns of A. germinans, the herbaceous halophyte Sesuvium portulacastrum, and CWD were mapped in three sample plots (each 400 m2) during two consecutive vegetation surveys, conducted in 2011 and 2014. Inhomogeneous Poisson and Thomas point process models were used to assess the distribution of A. germinans life‐history stages (seedlings, saplings, and adult dwarf trees), conditioned on the presence of S. portulacastrum and CWD. In addition, intraspecific interactions between trees and regeneration were assessed based on crown projection mapping. Bivariate point pattern analyses were used to assess the dependence of advance regeneration on dwarf A. germinans trees and S. portulacastrum. Results Avicennia germinans saplings and trees were positively associated with S. portulacastrum and CWD, whereas seedlings were located around tree crowns. The density of fruit‐bearing trees was positively associated with sapling density, indicating that regeneration relied on locally dispersed propagules. Conclusions Herbaceous vegetation and CWD have an important ecological function in degraded mangroves by retaining tidally dispersed propagules. Here, we show that herbaceous vegetation does not suppress the growth of seedlings but facilitates mangrove recolonization. Due to limited tidal dispersal, regeneration relies on local propagule supply. In addition to hydrological restoration, the observed vegetation patterns suggest that, in the absence of propagule‐retaining vegetation, restoration of high‐intertidal mangroves can be facilitated by establishing nuclei of planted trees and installing secured logs.

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Deconstructing the mangrove carbon cycle: Gains, transformation, and losses

Adame,

Cormier,

Taillardat

et al. 2024

Ecosphere

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Mangroves are one of the most carbon‐dense forests on the Earth and have been highlighted as key ecosystems for climate change mitigation and adaptation. Hundreds of studies have investigated how mangroves fix, transform, store, and export carbon. Here, we review and synthesize the previously known and emerging carbon pathways in mangroves, including gains (woody biomass accumulation, deadwood accumulation, soil carbon sequestration, root and litterfall production), transformations (food web transfer through herbivory, decomposition), and losses (respiration as CO2 and CH4, litterfall export, particulate and dissolved carbon export). We then review the technologies available to measure carbon fluxes in mangroves, their potential, and their limitations. We also synthesize and compare mangrove net ecosystem productivity (NEP) with terrestrial forests. Finally, we update global estimates of carbon fluxes with the most current values of fluxes and global mangrove area. We found that the contributions of recently investigated fluxes, such as soil respiration as CH4, are minor (<1 Tg C year−1), while the contributions of deadwood accumulation, herbivory, and lateral export are significant (>35 Tg C year−1). Dissolved inorganic carbon exports are an order of magnitude higher than the other processes investigated and were highly variable, highlighting the need for further studies. Gross primary productivity (GPP) and ecosystem respiration (ER) per area of mangroves were within the same order of magnitude as terrestrial forests. However, ER/GPP was lower in mangroves, explaining their higher carbon sequestration. We estimate the global mean mangrove NEP of 109.1 Tg C year−1 (7.4 Mg C ha−1 year−1) or through a budget balance, accounting for lateral losses, a global mean of 66.6 Tg C year−1 (4.5 Mg C ha−1 year−1). Overall, mangroves are highly productive, and despite losses due to respiration and tidal exchange, they are significant carbon sinks.

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Limited Mangrove Propagule Retention at a Latitudinal Range Limit: Spatiotemporal Patterns at the Patch Scale

Cited by 12 publications

References 71 publications

Dead litter of resident species first facilitates and then inhibits sequential life stages of range‐expanding species

Dead litter of resident species first facilitates and then inhibits sequential life stages of range‐expanding species

Salt marsh vegetation and secured woody debris facilitate the recolonization of Avicennia germinans

Deconstructing the mangrove carbon cycle: Gains, transformation, and losses

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