Limited HIV-1 Superinfection in Seroconverters from the CAPRISA 004 Microbicide Trial

Redd, Andrew D.; Mullis, Caroline E.; Wendel, Sarah K.; Sheward, Daniel J.; Martens, Craig; Bruno, Daniel; Werner, Lise.; Garrett, Nigel; Karim, Quarraisha Abdool; Williamson, Carolyn; Porcella, Stephen F.; Quinn, Thomas C.

doi:10.1128/jcm.03143-13

Cited by 19 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(30 reference statements)

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“…An initial study examining HIV-SI in FSW in Burkina Faso using a less sensitive heteroduplex mobility assay found two SI cases in 147 women screened [3, 8]. With the advent of NGS based systems to screen for SI in a highly sensitive high-throughput manner it has been possible to study large enough populations to fully examine the rate of SI and compare it to primary infection rates in a variety of well-described large longitudinal cohorts around the world [2, 9, 10, 12]. Using similar techniques, two reports found similar rates of SI and primary incidence, and two found significantly lower rates of SI [2, 9, 10, 12].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A study of HIV-SI using NGS in a rural region of Uganda (Rakai District) found that the rate of SI was comparable to the rate of primary HIV infection (PHI) in a general heterosexual population; as did a study of men who have sex with men (MSM) in California[2, 10]. However, two additional studies found significantly lower rates of SI compared to their respective PHI levels[9, 11, 12]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rates of HIV-1 superinfection and primary HIV-1 infection are similar in female sex workers in Uganda

Redd

Ssemwanga

Vandepitte

et al. 2014

Aids

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Objective To determine and compare the rates of HIV superinfection and primary HIV infection in high-risk female sex workers in Kampala, Uganda. Design A retrospective analysis of individuals who participated in a clinical cohort study among high-risk female sex workers in Kampala, Uganda. Methods Plasma samples from HIV-infected female sex workers (FSW) in Kampala, Uganda were examined with next-generation sequencing of the p24 and gp41HIV genomic regions for the occurrence of superinfection. Primary HIV incidence was determined from initially HIV-uninfected FSW from the same cohort, and incidence rate ratios were compared. Results The rate of superinfection in these women (7/85; 3.4/100py) was not significantly different from the rate of primary infection in the same population (3.7/100py; IRR=0.91, p=0.42). Seven women also entered the study dual infected (16.5% either dual or superinfected). The women with any presence of dual infection were more likely to report sex work as their only source of income (p=0.05), and trended to be older and more likely to be widowed (p=0.07). Conclusions In this cohort of female sex workers, HIV superinfection occurred at a high rate and was similar to that of primary HIV infection. These results differ from a similar study of high-risk female bar-workers in Kenya that found the rate of superinfection to be significantly lower than the rate of primary HIV infection.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rates of HIV-1 superinfection and primary HIV-1 infection are similar in female sex workers in Uganda

Redd

Ssemwanga

Vandepitte

et al. 2014

Aids

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A hypothesis is that superinfection occurs more easily at the early infection stage because of weak immunity. This hypothesis was initially supported by some case reports and cohort studies showing superinfection within one year after initial infection [4,7,12,22,28,39,42,64]. However, later studies showed that the number of superinfection within one year after the initial infection was similar to that after one year of infection [11,19,41,51,74].…”

Section: Superinfection At Different Infection Stagesmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…The first intrasubtype superinfection case (subtype B) was reported in the USA also in 2002 [11]. Since then, superinfection has been reported from a variety of populations and modes of transmission, such as men who have sex with men (MSM) [21–25], IDUs [6,26], heterosexual transmission (HST) [10,27,28], female sex workers (FSWs) [28,29], mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) [30], and general populations [8,10]. More intersubtype superinfection had been reported than intrasubtype superinfection, possibly due to the easier detection of the intersubtype superinfection than intrasubtype superinfection.…”

Section: Detection Of Superinfectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunological and virological characteristics of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 superinfection: implications in vaccine design

et al. 2017

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Superinfection is frequently detected among individuals infected by human immunodeficiency virus type I (HIV-1). Superinfection occurs at similar frequencies at acute and chronic infection stages but less frequently than primary infection. This observation indicates that the immune responses elicited by natural HIV-1 infection may play a role in curb of superinfection; however, these responses are not sufficiently strong to completely prevent superinfection. Thus, a successful HIV-1 vaccine likely needs to induce more potent and broader immune responses than those elicited by primary infection. On the other hand, potent and broad neutralization responses are more often detected after superinfection than during monoinfection. This suggests that broadly neutralizing antibodies are more likely induced by sequential immunization of multiple different immunogens than with only one form of envelope glycoprotein immunogens. Understanding why the protection from superinfection by immunity induced by primary infection is insufficient and if superinfection can lead to cross-reactive immune responses will be highly informative for HIV-1 vaccine design.

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“…HIV-SI occurs quite commonly with various other modes of transmission, including intravenous drug use and sexual transmission. 39,40 Although potential HIV-infected organ recipients must be on effective ART, and HIV-SI is thought to occur rarely (if at all) in individuals on ART, this risk should be explained to the potential recipient: first, concern due to the potential high viral dose in the transplant and potential transmission of infected cell populations; second, the possibility of introduction of ART-resistant strains; and finally the fact that drug-drug interactions between ART and the immunosuppressive drugs used posttransplantation might result in viral outgrowth or the formation of a new resistant recombinant viral strain.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Consenting to HIV-positive organ donation in the USA: legal and ethical considerations in comparison with a South African context

Muller¹

2017

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Limited HIV-1 Superinfection in Seroconverters from the CAPRISA 004 Microbicide Trial

Cited by 19 publications

References 16 publications

Rates of HIV-1 superinfection and primary HIV-1 infection are similar in female sex workers in Uganda

Rates of HIV-1 superinfection and primary HIV-1 infection are similar in female sex workers in Uganda

Immunological and virological characteristics of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 superinfection: implications in vaccine design

Consenting to HIV-positive organ donation in the USA: legal and ethical considerations in comparison with a South African context

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