Limited effectiveness of marine protected areas: imposex in Hexaplex trunculus (Gastropoda, Muricidae) populations from Italian marine reserves

Terlizzi, Antonio; Delos, A.L.; Garaventa, Francesca; Faimali, Marco; Geraci, S.

doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2003.10.019

Cited by 76 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Therefore, it was argued that aborted egg capsules cannot be formed and consequently no S 6c stage should exist. However, the reports of aborted egg capsules in H. trunculus resemble Stage 6 in Nucella lapillus (Gibbs & Bryan 1986, Terlizzi et al 2004.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

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Generalized system of imposex and reproductive failure in female gastropods of coastal waters of mainland China

Shi¹,

Huang²,

Zhu³

et al. 2005

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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We investigated the occurrence of imposex in gastropods from the coastal waters of mainland China from November 1999 to July 2004. Imposex was found in 30 species from 8 families, and was recorded in 20 species for the first time. In addition to the already known phenotypes of imposex expression in Cantharus cecillei, we also found aborted egg capsules in specimens with a split ventral channel (stage and type classification: S 6c* ) and various extensions of the proximal vas deferens (PVD). The PVD went up to or passed by the vaginal opening, and then it stopped or continued along the capsule gland. In imposex females, the penis shape and the development of the vas deferens were similar to those of the male of the same species. The morphological expressions of imposex showed diverse stages and types. Reproductive failure of females occurred in 13 species. The results suggest that imposex is widespread and severe in the coastal waters of China. Based on our aims of ecological and morphological significance, a typical imposex classification could be further generalized for all 30 species by adding S 6c(*) and 2 subdivisions of the PVD. The generalized scheme was also ascertained to be valid for several morphological variations of imposex in previous work. Sterility at S 6c(*) was proven to be due to the infolding of the capsule gland wall. We thus summed up 4 mechanisms of sterility (a, b, c and *) in females. Furthermore, it was shown that the normal structure of the male genital system also affected the morphological expressions of imposex to some degree, which we referred to as 'effect of male structure'. Finally, we put forward a general classification scheme of imposex with an integrated system of aims, criteria, stages, types (subtypes), pathways and mechanisms of imposex. KEY WORDS: Imposex · Gastropod · Sterility · Mainland ChinaResale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisher

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Secondly, aborted egg capsules are often present in Hexaplex trunculus with a ventrally split pallial oviduct (Terlizzi et al 2004). According to the typical scheme, a split pallial oviduct prevents copulation due to the open bursa copulatrix or egg capsule formation as a consequence of the open capsule gland.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Generalized system of imposex and reproductive failure in female gastropods of coastal waters of mainland China

Shi¹,

Huang²,

Zhu³

et al. 2005

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…The sampling site was selected based on the results of a previous survey (Terlizzi et al 2004), which reported this area to be one of the least affected by imposex incidence along the Italian coasts. Immediately after the sampling, a random subset of 20 females was analysed to assess the level of imposex incidence and initial PCB and butyltin compounds (BuTs) tissue contamination.…”

Section: Organisms Sampling and Maintenancementioning

confidence: 99%

New implications in the use of imposex as a suitable tool for tributyltin contamination: experimental induction in Hexaplex trunculus (Gastropoda, Muricidae) with different stressors

et al. 2008

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Imposex, i.e. the development of additional male sex organs (penis and/or vas deferens), in females of gonochorist marine and freshwater gastropods, is known to be caused by tributyltin (TBT), and it has been widely used as a biomonitoring tool in environmental surveys for TBT pollution assessment. In this study, we experimentally tested the potential to induce imposex by another endocrine disruptor (polychlorinated biphenyls [PCBs] mixture--Aroclor 1260). Adults of Hexaplex trunculus with low imposex level, coming from an Italian Marine Protected Area, were injected separately with different doses of tributyltin chloride (TBTCl) and Aroclor 1260. The compounds were dissolved in ethanol and the organisms were narcotised by immersion in MgCl(2) solution before injection. Before and after the experiment, butyltin compounds (BuTs) and PCB tissue concentrations were determined. A significant increase in imposex with respect to non-treated organisms was observed in all treatments, including artefact controls. No clear correlation was observed between BuTs and PCB tissue concentrations and indices of imposex incidence. Based on these results, no assumption can be formulated about PCB effect on imposex development. Nevertheless, they suggest that the imposex level increase, at least in H. trunculus, in laboratory conditions might not be caused by TBT only, but it would rather be a non-specific response to different stress stimuli.

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“…At present, it is clearly impossible to gain information about a likely decline in the severity of imposex in Italy, because data on its incidence along the coasts of Italy are quite sparse (Terlizzi et al, 1998;Chiavarini et al, 2003;Terlizzi et al, 2004). There are, however, some clues.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imposex in Hexaplex trunculus at Some Sites on the North Mediterranean Coast as a Base-Line for Future Evaluation of the Effectiveness of the Total Ban on Organotin based Antifouling Paints

Garaventa

Pellizzato²,

Faimali

et al. 2006

Hydrobiologia

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Imposex -the superimposition of male sexual organs (penis and vas deferens) onto female Neogastropods such as Hexaplex trunculus (Linne´, 1758) -is used world-wide as a biomarker of ecological impact of organotin based antifouling biocides (TBT and TPhT). To limit the impact of organotin pollution, since January 1, 2003, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) has enacted a global ban on the use of organotin compounds in antifouling systems. It is important to record imposex levels and organotin contamination before the implementation of the ban, in order to assess the current situation and be able, in the future, to verify the effects of the International Protocol. In this paper, recent imposex data measured in populations of Hexaplex trunculus from three different Mediterranean regions are compared: the Ligurian Sea (Italy), the Lagoon of Venice (Italy) and the western coast of Istria (Croatia). In the two former locations, a partial ban on TBT has been in force for vessels less than 25 m since 1982, while in the latter region no restrictions on organotin antifouling paints have been applied yet. Gastropod samples collected from the Venice lagoon were analysed with an acid extraction followed by Grignard derivatisation, clean up and GC-MS determination, in order to relate the levels of TBT, TPhT and their metabolites with the imposex degree detected. Biological data show that the levels of imposex were very high (VDS from 4.3 to 5) in all the sampling sites considered, particularly in the Croatian coast stations. The concentrations of organotin compounds -butyltins and phenyltins -measured in the samples from the lagoon of Venice were found to partition differently in the visceral coil and in the rest of the soft body of the analysed organisms.

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Limited effectiveness of marine protected areas: imposex in Hexaplex trunculus (Gastropoda, Muricidae) populations from Italian marine reserves

Cited by 76 publications

References 21 publications

Generalized system of imposex and reproductive failure in female gastropods of coastal waters of mainland China

Generalized system of imposex and reproductive failure in female gastropods of coastal waters of mainland China

New implications in the use of imposex as a suitable tool for tributyltin contamination: experimental induction in Hexaplex trunculus (Gastropoda, Muricidae) with different stressors

Imposex in Hexaplex trunculus at Some Sites on the North Mediterranean Coast as a Base-Line for Future Evaluation of the Effectiveness of the Total Ban on Organotin based Antifouling Paints

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