Limited Detection of Antibodies to Clade 2.3.4.4 a/Goose/Guangdong/1/1996 Lineage Highly Pathogenic H5 Avian Influenza Virus in North American Waterfowl

Stallknecht, David E.; Kienzle-Dean, Clara; Davis-Fields, Nick; Jennelle, Christopher S.; Bowman, Andrew S.; Nolting, Jacqueline M.; Boyce, Walter M.; Crum, James M.; Santos, Jefferson; Brown, Justin D.; Prosser, Diann J.; Cruz, Susan E. W. De La; Ackerman, Joshua T.; Casazza, Michael L.; Krauss, Scott; Pérez, Daniel R.; Ramey, Andrew M.; Poulson, Rebecca L.

doi:10.7589/2019-01-003

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 28 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Seroprevalence estimates are generally much higher than prevalence proportions, given the duration of antibody detection, and provide a more comprehensive overview of historic IAV exposure throughout the duration of immunological memory. For instance, among Mallards of the family Anatidae Anatini , we found similar seroprevalence rates in two studies: 46.4% and 46.7%, respectively [ 49 , 71 ]. Seroprevalence rates among Alaskan loons ( Gaviidae ) ranged from 3.4% ( n = 1/29) among Yellow-billed Loons to 53.6% ( n = 15/28) among Pacific Loons [ 40 , 54 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

“…Wild aquatic avian species, specifically Anseriformes (waterfowl, including ducks, geese, and swans) and Charadriiformes (seabirds, including gulls, shorebirds, terns, and auks), comprise the native host reservoir for IAVs worldwide, and likewise in Arctic regions where a broad diversity of seabirds, shorebirds, and waterfowl predominate [ 16 , 47 ]. Wild avian hosts of IAVs sampled in Arctic regions include resident birds that live in the region year-round (i.e., Sabine’s Gull, Rock Ptarmigan) and temporary Arctic residents (i.e., Mallards, Northern Wheatear, Great Black-backed Gull, Common Murre) that migrate to Arctic regions in the spring and summer months to breed and nest, taking advantage of the region’s abundant energy resources [ 39 , 42 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Serological evidence has demonstrated that wild birds in Arctic regions have been exposed or are currently infected with HPAI viruses; however, HPAI viral isolates have been infrequently detected among wildlife in these regions [ 60 , 99 ]. In 2014, HPAI H5Nx viruses of clade 2.3.4.4 likely transmitted among wild birds in Alaska, which led to outbreaks in wild and domestic birds throughout Canada and the United States for seven months before being eradicated in poultry [ 10 , 49 ]. In 2016, over a year after the last local detection of HPAI virus strains, a HPAI H5N2 virus from clade 2.3.4.4 was detected in a Mallard during surveillance in Alaska, which confirmed low-frequency maintenance in wild birds in North America [ 73 ].…”

Section: Host–pathogen–environmental Ecology Of Iavs In Arctic Regionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Epidemiology and Ecology of Influenza A Viruses among Wildlife in the Arctic

Gass

Kellogg

Hill

et al. 2022

Viruses

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Arctic regions are ecologically significant for the environmental persistence and geographic dissemination of influenza A viruses (IAVs) by avian hosts and other wildlife species. Data describing the epidemiology and ecology of IAVs among wildlife in the arctic are less frequently published compared to southern temperate regions, where prevalence and subtype diversity are more routinely documented. Following PRISMA guidelines, this systematic review addresses this gap by describing the prevalence, spatiotemporal distribution, and ecological characteristics of IAVs detected among wildlife and the environment in this understudied region of the globe. The literature search was performed in PubMed and Google Scholar using a set of pre-defined search terms to identify publications reporting on IAVs in Arctic regions between 1978 and February 2022. A total of 2125 articles were initially screened, 267 were assessed for eligibility, and 71 articles met inclusion criteria. IAVs have been detected in multiple wildlife species in all Arctic regions, including seabirds, shorebirds, waterfowl, seals, sea lions, whales, and terrestrial mammals, and in the environment. Isolates from wild birds comprise the majority of documented viruses derived from wildlife; however, among all animals and environmental matrices, 26 unique low and highly pathogenic subtypes have been characterized in the scientific literature from Arctic regions. Pooled prevalence across studies indicates 4.23% for wild birds, 3.42% among tested environmental matrices, and seroprevalences of 9.29% and 1.69% among marine and terrestrial mammals, respectively. Surveillance data are geographically biased, with most data from the Alaskan Arctic and many fewer reports from the Russian, Canadian, North Atlantic, and Western European Arctic. We highlight multiple important aspects of wildlife host, pathogen, and environmental ecology of IAVs in Arctic regions, including the role of avian migration and breeding cycles for the global spread of IAVs, evidence of inter-species and inter-continental reassortment at high latitudes, and how climate change-driven ecosystem shifts, including changes in the seasonal availability and distribution of dietary resources, have the potential to alter host–pathogen–environment dynamics in Arctic regions. We conclude by identifying gaps in knowledge and propose priorities for future research.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Host–pathogen–environmental Ecology Of Iavs In Arctic Regionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Epidemiology and Ecology of Influenza A Viruses among Wildlife in the Arctic

Gass

Kellogg

Hill

et al. 2022

Viruses

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…for positivity [28,44,45], this value is shown on relevant figures for comparison purposes. All archived samples collected between 2012 and 2014 were re-tested for the present study to confirm the original results.…”

Section: Serologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Avian influenza virus circulation and immunity in a wild urban duck population prior to and during a highly pathogenic H5N1 outbreak

Wight,

Rahman,

Wallace

et al. 2024

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b viruses were first detected in St. John’s, Newfoundland, Canada in late 2021, with the virus rapidly spreading across the western hemisphere over the next year. To investigate the patterns of avian influenza virus (AIV) infection and immune responses subsequent to the arrival of H5N1, we sampled the wild urban duck population in St. John’s for a period of 16 months after the start of the outbreak and compared these findings to archived samples. Antibody seroprevalence was relatively stable before the outbreak (2011-2014) at 27.6% and 3.9% for anti-AIV (i.e., NP) and H5-specific antibodies, respectively. During the winter of 2022, AIV-NP and H5-specific antibody seroprevalence both reached 100%, signifying a population-wide infection event. As expected, population-level immunity waned over time, and we found that ducks were seropositive for anti- AIV-NP antibodies for around twice as long as for H5-specific antibodies. The population was H5 seronegative to the latter approximately six months after the initial H5N1 incursion. In late February 2023, H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b viruses were again detected in the duck population as a result of a second incursion into Newfoundland from Eurasia, which resulted in a second population-wide infection event. We observed a clear relationship of increasing antibody levels with decreasing viral RNA loads that allowed for interpretation of the course of infection and immune response in infected individuals and applied these findings to two cases of resampled ducks to infer infection history. Our study highlights the significance of applying both AIV surveillance and seroprevalence monitoring to provide a better understanding of AIV dynamics in wild populations, which may be crucial following the arrival of 2.3.4.4b H5Nx subtypes to assess the threats they pose to both wild and domestic animals, and to humans.

show abstract

“…H5Nx viruses, which are descendants of A/Goose/Guangdong/1/1996(H5N1) (Gs/GD) first detected in 1996 in China, frequently reassort with other HPAI and locally endemic low pathogenic subtypes resulting in a constellation of novel reassortant virus lineages that have been isolated from a wide range of avian species [1]. Following their emergence in 2014, H5Nx viruses migrated with wild aquatic birds across the Pacific into North America later in the same year, causing outbreaks in wild and domestic birds until mid-2015 [4,9]. Despite the substantial, though shortlived, spread of H5Nx (specifically H5N8, H5N1, H5N2) in North America from this original Pacific incursion event, H5Nx viruses have continuously circulated throughout Eurasia until present, with a gradual but steady northward trajectory of wild bird and virus movement in Europe observed between 2014-2021 [10,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecogeographic drivers of the spatial spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza outbreaks in Europe and North America, 2016-2022

Gass¹,

Hill²,

Naumova³

et al. 2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

H5Nx highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses of clade 2.3.4.4. have caused outbreaks in Europe since 2016, and most recently these viruses were introduced to North America via avian migratory transport in December 2021. We sought to analyze the spatiotemporal extent of these viruses within the two continent outbreak system, and to characterize predictors of virus spread between geographic regions through a Bayesian phylodynamic generalized linear model (phylodynamic-GLM). Findings from this study reveal for the first time the geographic extent and directionality of the H5Nx HPAI virus outbreak system in Europe and North America during 2016-2022. Data demonstrate localized epidemics of H5Nx throughout Europe in the first several years of the epizootic, followed by a singular branching point where H5N1 viruses were introduced to North America via wild migratory birds, likely via stopover locations in the North Atlantic. Once in the US, H5Nx HPAI viruses spread at a greater rate between US-based regions along migratory flyways, and no evidence points to spread back to any European region. Our GLM demonstrated that geographic proximity is a predictor of virus spread between regions, which implies that inter-continental transport across the Atlantic is relatively rare and may require northward virus movement that coincides with spring migration of susceptible avian species to regions in the North Atlantic, possibly Iceland and Greenland. Finally, mean change in precipitation at destinations of viral transitions along phylogenetic branches was predicted to reduce H5Nx HPAI virus spread, which may reflect the effect of climate change on declines in host species abundance or changes in migratory patterns as a result of ecological alterations. Our data provide new knowledge about the spread and directionality of H5Nx HPAI virus dispersal in Europe and North America during an actively evolving outbreak, including predictors of virus movement between 1

show abstract

Limited Detection of Antibodies to Clade 2.3.4.4 a/Goose/Guangdong/1/1996 Lineage Highly Pathogenic H5 Avian Influenza Virus in North American Waterfowl

Cited by 11 publications

References 28 publications

Epidemiology and Ecology of Influenza A Viruses among Wildlife in the Arctic

Epidemiology and Ecology of Influenza A Viruses among Wildlife in the Arctic

Avian influenza virus circulation and immunity in a wild urban duck population prior to and during a highly pathogenic H5N1 outbreak

Ecogeographic drivers of the spatial spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza outbreaks in Europe and North America, 2016-2022

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About