Limitations of the TCLP fluid determination step for hazardous waste characterization of US municipal waste incineration ash

Liu, Yalan; Clavier, Kyle A.; Spreadbury, Chad J.; Townsend, Timothy G.

doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2019.02.045

Cited by 32 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…In the USA alone, over 30 million tons of MSW was incinerated in 2014 (13% of the total domestic MSW) [135], which correlates to 5 million tons of residual bottom ash. Primarily, bottom ashes are combined with fly ashes in order to avoid classification as hazardous waste [136,137]. Unlike fly ashes, bottom ashes are still mainly disposed instead of being used as secondary raw material.…”

Section: Applicability Of Municipal Solid Waste Bottom Ashes In Weak Soil Stabilizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards Sustainable Soil Stabilization in Peatlands: Secondary Raw Materials as an Alternative

et al. 2021

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Implementation of construction works on weak (e.g., compressible, collapsible, expansive) soils such as peatlands often is limited by logistics of equipment and shortage of available and applicable materials. If preloading or floating roads on geogrid reinforcement or piled embankments cannot be implemented, then soil stabilization is needed. Sustainable soil stabilization in an environmentally friendly way is recommended instead of applying known conventional methods such as pure cementing or excavation and a single replacement of soils. Substitution of conventional material (cement) and primary raw material (lime) with secondary raw material (waste and byproducts from industries) corresponds to the Sustainable Development Goals set by the United Nations, preserves resources, saves energy, and reduces greenhouse gas emissions. Besides traditional material usage, soil stabilization is achievable through various secondary raw materials (listed according to their groups and subgroups): 1. thermally treated waste products: 1.1. ashes from agriculture production; 1.2. ashes from energy production; 1.3. ashes from various manufacturing; 1.4. ashes from waste processing; 1.5. high carbon content pyrolysis products; 2. untreated waste and new products made from secondary raw materials: 2.1. waste from municipal waste biological treatment and landfills; 2.2. waste from industries; 3. new products made from secondary raw materials: 3.1. composite materials. Efficient solutions in environmental engineering may eliminate excessive amounts of waste and support innovation in the circular economy for sustainable future.

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Section: Applicability Of Municipal Solid Waste Bottom Ashes In Weak Soil Stabilizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards Sustainable Soil Stabilization in Peatlands: Secondary Raw Materials as an Alternative

et al. 2021

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“…For example, one study considers the limitations of such a test and emphasized that the test mimics leachate in landfills with lower pH and higher organic acid content than most of the municipal solid waste (MSW) [20]. Other factors need to be considered, as demonstrated by previous studies [21][22][23]. The mobility of trace elements and heavy metals in the environment depends mainly on the properties of solution and solids, such as pH, redox potential, chemical composition, surface properties, and mineral contents.…”

Section: Leachability Of Metals Based On Toxicity Characteristics Leaching Procedures (Tclp)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of the Mix Formulation of Geopolymer Using Nickel-Laterite Mine Waste and Coal Fly Ash

et al. 2020

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Geopolymer cement has been popularly studied nowadays compared to ordinary Portland cement because it demonstrated superior environmental advantages due to its lower carbon emissions and waste material utilization. This paper focuses on the formulation of geopolymer cement from nickel–laterite mine waste (NMW) and coal fly ash (CFA) as geopolymer precursors, and sodium hydroxide (SH), and sodium silicate (SS) as alkali activators. Different mix formulations of raw materials are prepared to produce a geopolymer based on an I-optimal design and obtained different compressive strengths. A mixed formulation of 50% NMW and 50% CFA, SH-to-SS ratio of 0.5, and an activator-to-precursor ratio of 0.429 yielded the highest 28 d unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of 22.10 ± 5.40 MPa. Furthermore, using an optimized formulation of 50.12% NMW, SH-to-SS ratio of 0.516, and an activator-to-precursor ratio of 0.428, a UCS value of 36.30 ± 3.60 MPa was obtained. The result implies that the synthesized geopolymer material can be potentially used for concrete structures and pavers, pedestrian pavers, light traffic pavers, and plain concrete.

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“…For example, one study considers the limitations of such test and emphasized that the test mimics leachate in landfills with lower pH and higher organic acid content than most of the municipal solid waste (MSW) [20]. There could be other factors that need to be considered as demonstrated by previous studies [21][22][23]. The mobility of trace elements and heavy metals in the environment is largely dependent on the properties of solution and solids such as pH, redox potential, chemical composition, surface properties, and mineral contents.…”

Section: Leachability Of Metals Based On Toxicity Characteristics Leamentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of the Mix Formulation of Geopolymer using Nickel-laterite Mine Waste and Coal Fly Ash

Longos¹,

Tigue²,

Dollente³

et al. 2020

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Geopolymer cement has been popularly studied nowadays compared to ordinary Portland cement because it demonstrated superior environmental advantages due to its lower carbon emissions and waste material utilization. This paper focuses on the formulation of geopolymer cement from nickel-laterite mine waste (NMW) and coal fly ash (CFA) as geopolymer precursors, and sodium hydroxide (SH) and sodium silicate (SS) as alkali activators. Different mix formulations of raw materials are synthesized to produce a geopolymer based from an I-optimal design and obtained different compressive strengths. A mixed formulation of 50% NMW and 50% CFA, SH-to-SS ratio of 0.5, and an activator-to-precursor ratio of 0.429 yielded the highest 28-day unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of 22.10 ± 5.40 MPa. Furthermore, using an optimized formulation of 50.12% NMW, SH-to-SS ratio of 0.516, and an activator-to-precursor ratio of 0.428, a UCS value of 36.30 ± 3.60 MPa was obtained. The result implies that the synthesized geopolymer material can be potentially used for concrete structures and pavers, pedestrian pavers, light traffic pavers, and plain concrete.

show abstract

Limitations of the TCLP fluid determination step for hazardous waste characterization of US municipal waste incineration ash

Cited by 32 publications

References 10 publications

Towards Sustainable Soil Stabilization in Peatlands: Secondary Raw Materials as an Alternative

Towards Sustainable Soil Stabilization in Peatlands: Secondary Raw Materials as an Alternative

Optimization of the Mix Formulation of Geopolymer Using Nickel-Laterite Mine Waste and Coal Fly Ash

Optimization of the Mix Formulation of Geopolymer using Nickel-laterite Mine Waste and Coal Fly Ash

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