Limitations of monoclonal antibodies for monitoring of fungal aerosols using Penicillium brevicompactum as a model fungus

Schmechel, Detlef; Górny, Rafał L.; Simpson, Janet P.; Reponen, Tiina; Grinshpun, Sergey A.; Lewis, Daniel M.

doi:10.1016/j.jim.2003.09.012

Cited by 46 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Prior to their use in the experiments, they were cultured on malt extract agar and subsequently incubated at 25°C for 14 days. Spores were collected from matured sporulating cultures by applying I g of dry, autoc1aved glass beads (0.45-0.5 mm in diameter, B. Braun Biotech International, Melsungen, Germany) per Petri plate as described by Schmechel et al (2003). The lid was put back into place and the plates were gently shaken back and forth.…”

Section: Part I Aerosolization Of Microorganisms and Psl Particles Bmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Fluid Type and Microbial Properties on the Aerosolization of Microorganisms from Metalworking Fluids

Wang

Reponen

Adhikari

et al. 2004

Aerosol Science and Technology

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][Aerosolization of mist from metalworking fluids (MWFs) has been well characterized in previous studies. Much less is known about the aerosolization of microorganisms, although airborne microbial exposures at MWF sites have been associated with occupational respiratory symptoms and diseases. In this study, the effects of fluid type, microorganism concentration in the liquid , and the microbial species on the aerosolization of microorganisms from MWFs were tested. Three microorganisms were employed to represent different size and surface characteristics: Bacillus subtilis bacterial endospores (hydrophobic particles with aerodynamic diameter = 0.9 p.m), Pseudomonas fluorescens bacterial vegetative cells (hydrophilic, 0.8 p.m), and Penicillium melinii fungal spores (hydrophobic, 3.1 p.m). The testing was first performed using a Collison nebulizer to aerosolize microorganisms from three fluids: water, semisynthetic MWF, and soluble oil. No significant difference in the aerosolization ratio (microbial concentration in the air normalized to the microbial concentration in the liquid) was observed among the three fluids. For all tested microorganisms, the concentration in the air increased proportionally with the increase of the microbial concentration in the liquid. The aerosolization ratio of B. subtilis endospores was greater than that of P. fluorescens cells and P. melinii spores. To explore the aerosolization of micro organisms from MWFs under the conditions that are closer to industrial settings, the tests were conducted with a MWF simulator (a laboratory-scale setup simulating the mist generation during grinding process). Simulator tests showed the same trend with respect to microbial aerosolization as those performed with the Collison nebulizer. This was further confirmed by a separate experiment, in Address correspondence to Dr. Tiina Reponen, University of Cincinnati, P.O. Box 670056 , 3223 Eden Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 4526 7, USA . E-mail: Tiina.Reponen@uc.edu which the Collison nebulizer and the MWF simulator were tested with liquids containing polystyrene latex (PSL) particles. As a result, our study showed that hydrophobic microorganisms were easier to aerosolize from MWFs than hydrophilic microorganisms and that increasing microorganism size was likely to result in decreasing aerosolization ratio.

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Section: Part I Aerosolization Of Microorganisms and Psl Particles Bmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Fluid Type and Microbial Properties on the Aerosolization of Microorganisms from Metalworking Fluids

Wang

Reponen

Adhikari

et al. 2004

Aerosol Science and Technology

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“…(29) Recently, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunochemical methods have become available for fungal analysis. (34,(36)(37)(38)(39)(40)(41) There is currently, however, very little reference data available with these techniques.…”

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confidence: 99%

Assessment of Fungal Contamination in Moldy Homes: Comparison of Different Methods

Niemeier

Sivasubramani

Reponen

et al. 2006

Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene

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In an effort to better understand the relationship between different fungal sampling methods in the indoor environment, four methods were used to quantify mold contamination in 13 homes with visible mold. Swab, fungal spore source strength tester (FSSST), and air samples (total of 52 samples) were analyzed using both the microscopic (total spore count) and culture-based (CFU count) enumeration techniques. Settled dust samples were analyzed for culturable fungi only, as the microscopic enumeration was restricted by the masking effect. The relationships between the data obtained with the different sampling methods were examined using correlation analysis. Significant relationships were observed between the data obtained from swab and FSSST samples both by the total counting (r = 0.822, p <0.05) and by the CFU counting (r = 0.935, p <0.01). No relationships were observed between air and FSSST samples or air and settled dust samples. Percentage culturability of spores for each sampling method was also calculated and found to vary greatly for all three methods (swab: 0.03% to 63%, FSSST: 0.1% to >100%, air: 0.7% to 79%). These findings confirm that reliance on one sampling or enumeration method for characterization of an indoor mold source might not provide an accurate estimate of fungal contamination of a microenvironment. Furthermore, FSSST sampling appears to be an effective measurement of a mold source in the field, providing an upper bound estimate of potential mold spore release into the indoor air. Because of the small sample size of this study, however, further research is needed to better understand the observed relationships in this study. Keywords air sampling; indoor fungi; settled dustIt has been estimated that 20% to 40% of homes in Northern Europe and Canada have mold contamination. (1) This number is likely to be much higher in tropical and subtropical countries. (2,3) In the United States, as many as 40% of homes have mold problems. (1,4) Various health effects, such as respiratory symptoms, allergic rhinitis, asthma, and hypersensitivity pneumonitis, are associated with mold exposure. (5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12) A case control study conducted in Europe suggested a relationship between increases in symptoms in asthmatic patients and increased mold and moisture problems in the home. (13) Other studies have shown that exposure to visible mold, or excessive moisture, which promotes mold growth, leads to an increase in allergic symptoms. (6,8,(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20) Toxicity caused by exposure to the metabolites of certain molds have also been linked to health effects. (6,21) However, the relationship between specific health effects and the mold spore concentration has not been well defined. (6) It has been criticized that the methodologies for sampling and analysis are neither

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“…The plates were then gently shaken back and forth to aid attachment of asexually produced spores onto the beads [6].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wide Band Frequency Measurements of Fungal Species Using Laser Patterned Finger Electrodes on LTCC

Sobociński¹,

Mensah-Attipoe²,

Myllymäki³

et al. 2018

PIER Letters

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Abstract-High frequency measurements at 50 MHz-10 GHz were performed for the first time using interdigitated electrodes on a low temperature co-fired ceramic substrate to analyze fungal spores. Wet and dry spore generation methods were evaluated and tested with two different fungal species. The dry generation method was found feasible for RF measurements, since the component capacitance increased 14-21% in the 2-6 GHz range, but for the wet generation method the capacitance decreased only slightly (< 1%). Based on these initial results the RF measurements have the capacity to evaluate the quantity of fungal spores but not to identify their species.

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Limitations of monoclonal antibodies for monitoring of fungal aerosols using Penicillium brevicompactum as a model fungus

Cited by 46 publications

References 15 publications

Effect of Fluid Type and Microbial Properties on the Aerosolization of Microorganisms from Metalworking Fluids

Effect of Fluid Type and Microbial Properties on the Aerosolization of Microorganisms from Metalworking Fluids

Assessment of Fungal Contamination in Moldy Homes: Comparison of Different Methods

Wide Band Frequency Measurements of Fungal Species Using Laser Patterned Finger Electrodes on LTCC

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