Limitations of Leasehold Forestry for Poverty Alleviation in Nepal

Thoms, Christopher A.; Karna, Birendra; Karmacharya, Mukunda

doi:10.1080/08941920600902179

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Tenure regime was also significantly associated with social conflict. In line with earlier reports (45,46), leasehold forest groups reported the highest number of disruptive conflicts. Tenure regime was not significantly associated with any other attributes of the governance system, indicating that these variables represent independent additional factors that need to be considered separately.…”

Section: Interrelationships and Independent Factorssupporting

confidence: 80%

Drivers of reforestation in human-dominated forests

Nagendra

2007

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

170

105

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Tropical forest habitat continues to decline globally, with serious negative consequences for environmental sustainability. The small mountain country of Nepal provides an excellent context in which to examine trajectories of forest-cover change. Despite having experienced large-scale forest clearing in the past, significant reforestation has taken place in recent years. The range of biophysical and ecological environments and diversity of tenure arrangements provide us with a context with sufficient variation to be able to derive insight into the impact of a range of hypothesized drivers of forest change. This article draws on a dataset of 55 forests from the middle hills and Terai plains of Nepal to examine the factors associated with forest clearing or regeneration. Results affirm the central importance of tenure regimes and local monitoring for forest regrowth. In addition, user group size per unit of forest area is an important, independent explanator of forest change. These variables also can be associated with specific practices that further influence forest change such as the management of social conflict, adoption of new technologies to reduce pressure on the forest, and involvement of users in forest maintenance activities. Such large-N, comparative studies are essential if we are to derive more complex, nuanced, yet actionable frameworks that help us to plan better policies for the management of natural resources.community forestry ͉ group size ͉ institutions ͉ monitoring ͉ Nepal I n recent decades, humankind has witnessed unprecedented destruction of forest cover, with its accompanying fallout on global climate, health, biodiversity, air quality, soil fertility, water flow, and other environmental variables. Deforestation also impacts the lives and livelihoods of the many millions of forest-dependent inhabitants around the world. Awareness of the extent of forest clearing and the magnitude of the ensuing problems have led communities, governments, and international organizations to create an array of protection mechanisms that range from government-owned protected areas to private conservation parks and community reserves. These plans have had mixed success, and it is difficult to unambiguously attribute success or failure to a specific formal mechanism (1, 2). Yet, conservation organizations, indigenous communities, and policy makers continue to engage in often heated debates concerning the presumed single best approach to conserve forest biodiversity (3).The remarkable dearth of reliable large datasets on forest change only exacerbates the already heated deforestation debate. Until recently, estimates by the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations were used for most global studies. These data are based on information provided by government agencies in Ͼ200 countries and have been strongly criticized for providing an inaccurate picture complicated by variations in methodology and frequently changing baseline definitions of forest (4). More reliable assessments of rates of tropical d...

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Section: Interrelationships and Independent Factorssupporting

confidence: 80%

Drivers of reforestation in human-dominated forests

Nagendra

2007

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

170

105

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“…The leasehold agreement is made first for 40 years, which can be renewed for another 40 years. The program is criticised for allocating relatively degraded forestland to the poor households, thus termed as 'poor forest for poor people' (Thoms et al 2006). Tenure security of the LHF groups is normally rated as low since these groups are too weak to exercise and defend their rights.…”

Section: Forest Tenure Regimes Included In the Special Issuementioning

confidence: 99%

Political Economy of Forest Tenure Reform Implementation in Nepal: Evolution, Contestation, Outcomes and Challenges

Banjade

Paudel

Mwangi³

2017

J. Forest & Livelihood

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“…In many countries, there is a wide variety of partnership arrangements that link a mix of growers (small and largescale), intermediary brokers and processors in commercial forestry (Curtis and Race 1998, Makarabhirom and Mochida 1999, Mayers and Vermeulen 2002, Nawir et al 2003, Race and Desmond 2002, Thoms et al 2006. Some of the reasons small-scale growers form partnerships with processors include to:…”

Section: Review Of Forestry Partnershipsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Partnerships for involving small-scale growers in commercial forestry: lessons from Australia and Indonesia

Race¹,

Bisjoe²,

Hakim³

et al. 2009

International Forestry Review

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The trade relationship between small-scale growers and processing companies often plays an important role in determining the nature and extent of benefi ts derived from commercial forestry, and the distribution of these benefi ts. Many strategies are used by individual small-scale growers, village communities, companies and government agencies to form partnerships to undertake commercial forestry-including outgrower schemes, land leasing by companies, and using intermediary brokers between small-scale growers and processors. This article reports on the key fi ndings of a three-year research project that explored different business partnerships used in commercial forestry in Australia and Indonesia, and identifi ed the critical factors for benefi cial and enduring partnerships. The key lessons from this research are that, for many small-scale growers to form successful partnerships with other investors, they need: • increased knowledge of the operations and components of commercial forestry; • improved access to competitive markets; • increased knowledge of the dynamics of forest product markets; • improved capacity of local farmer forest groups to share experiences and information, and build their knowledge of commercial forestry; and • reduced administrative and fi nancial burden imposed by government on small-scale forestry operations.

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Limitations of Leasehold Forestry for Poverty Alleviation in Nepal

Cited by 13 publications

References 4 publications

Drivers of reforestation in human-dominated forests

Drivers of reforestation in human-dominated forests

Political Economy of Forest Tenure Reform Implementation in Nepal: Evolution, Contestation, Outcomes and Challenges

Partnerships for involving small-scale growers in commercial forestry: lessons from Australia and Indonesia

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