Limitations of Geiger-mode arrays for Flash LADAR applications

Williams, G. M.

doi:10.1117/12.853382

Cited by 10 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…This hindrance limits the practical utility of GM APDs for practical commercial lidar applications, especially for InGaAs GM APDs. 19,20 In linear-mode operation, the average output of the APD is proportional to the strength of the optical signal, and the detector can operate continuously. Common SWIR-sensitive linear-mode APDs operate with average avalanche gain of ∼M < 50, more typically at M ¼ 10 to 20.…”

Section: Lidar Photoreceiversmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of eyesafe avalanche photodiode lidar for automobile safety and autonomous navigation systems

Williams

2017

Opt. Eng

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Abstract. Newly emerging accident-reducing, driver-assistance, and autonomous-navigation technology for automobiles is based on real-time three-dimensional mapping and object detection, tracking, and classification using lidar sensors. Yet, the lack of lidar sensors suitable for meeting application requirements appreciably limits practical widespread use of lidar in trucking, public livery, consumer cars, and fleet automobiles. To address this need, a system-engineering perspective to eyesafe lidar-system design for high-level advanced driverassistance sensor systems and a design trade study including 1.5-μm spot-scanned, line-scanned, and flashlidar systems are presented. A cost-effective lidar instrument design is then proposed based on high-repetitionrate diode-pumped solid-state lasers and high-gain, low-excess-noise InGaAs avalanche photodiode receivers and focal plane arrays. Using probabilistic receiver-operating-characteristic analysis, derived from measured component performance, a compact lidar system is proposed that is capable of 220 m ranging with 5-cm accuracy, which can be readily scaled to a 360-deg field of regard.

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Section: Lidar Photoreceiversmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of eyesafe avalanche photodiode lidar for automobile safety and autonomous navigation systems

Williams

2017

Opt. Eng

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“…Furthermore, in-depth studies have shown that APD-based architectures are very sensitive to operating conditions, including range, laser power, and target occlusions. 19 …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Multireturn compressed gated range imaging

Tsagkatakis

Woiselle²,

Tzagkarakis³

et al. 2015

Opt. Eng

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Abstract. Active range imaging (RI) systems utilize actively controlled light sources emitting laser pulses that are subsequently recorded by an imaging system and used for depth profile estimation. Classical RI systems are limited by their need for a large number of frames required to obtain high resolution depth information. In this work, we propose an RI approach motivated by the recently proposed compressed sensing framework to dramatically reduce the number of necessary frames. Compressed gated range sensing employs a random gating mechanism along with state-of-the-art reconstruction algorithms for the estimation of the timing of the reflected pulses and the inference of distances. In addition to efficiency, the proposed scheme is also able to identify multiple reflected pulses that can be introduced by semi-transparent elements in the scene such as clouds, smoke, and foliage. Simulations under highly realistic conditions demonstrate that the proposed architecture is capable of accurately recovering the depth profile of a scene from as few as 10 frames at 100 depth bins resolution, even under very challenging conditions. The results further indicate that the proposed architecture is able to extract multiple reflected pulses with a minimal increase in the number of frames, in situations where state-of-the-art methods fail to accurately estimate the correct depth signals. IntroductionRange imaging (RI) refers to a family of technologies that aim to capture and extract the depth information of a scene. Formally, assuming that each point in a scene imaged by the sensor is characterized by a single depth value (the distance between the object and the camera), one can generate a depth map of a scene where pixel intensity corresponds to the distance between the camera and the imaged object. Depth information can be directly used for the visualization of the scene, as well as for target detection, robot navigation, and surface modeling. Today, several RI solutions are available in the market depending on the hardware requirements, the physical constraints, and the requested depth data quality and resolution. RI has been employed in numerous applications including remote sensing, gaming, security, search and rescue, and medical diagnostics.

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Noise filtering strategy in photon-counting laser radar using the multi-gates detection method

Zhang

Zhao

2016

Optik

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Limitations of Geiger-mode arrays for Flash LADAR applications

Cited by 10 publications

References 41 publications

Optimization of eyesafe avalanche photodiode lidar for automobile safety and autonomous navigation systems

Optimization of eyesafe avalanche photodiode lidar for automobile safety and autonomous navigation systems

Multireturn compressed gated range imaging

Noise filtering strategy in photon-counting laser radar using the multi-gates detection method

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