Limitations of a polymer-based hole transporting layer for application in planar inverted perovskite solar cells

Petrović, Miloš; Maksudov, Temur; Panagiotopoulos, Apostolos; Serpetzoglou, Efthymis; Konidakis, Ioannis; Stylianakis, Minas M.; Stratakis, Emmanuel; Kymakis, Emmanuel

doi:10.1039/c9na00246d

Cited by 38 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…Moreover, the properties of the HTL not only impact the crystal growth and optoelectronic properties of the perovskite layer but also influence the device operational stability. The HaPSCs with PTAA and NiO x have different degradation rates because the PTAA and NiO x have different interface chemistries and interactions with external stimuli. , In this work, we focus to get insights into the degradation phenomena of these devices under thermal and light stress.…”

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights into Accelerated Degradation of Perovskite Solar Cells under Continuous Illumination Driven by Thermal Stress and Interfacial Junction

Khadka

Shirai

Yanagida

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Energy Mater.

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The operational stability of encapsulated halide perovskite solar cells (HaPSCs) is imperative for their commercialization. Despite improvements in device stability, we lack insights into the irreversible degradation of devices under prolonged illumination and heat stress. Here, we investigated the operational stability of devices (∼1 cm2) made with poly(triaryl amine) (PTAA; power conversion efficiency PCE ≈ 19.32%) and sputtered NiO x (PCE ≈ 15.60%) as a hole-transport layer (HTL) under light (for >1000 h) at 20, 60, and 85 °C to unravel the degradation mechanisms. Degradation of the PTAA device was accelerated by interface deterioration and bulk decomposition initiated by the formation of voids and PbI2 via iodine migration from defective regions at the columnar grain boundaries with the release of I2 gas. The NiO x device, with its immunity to iodine and its moisture-resistive properties, had significantly improved stability with suppression of the HaP bulk degradation by alleviation of internal defect dynamics. Our results corroborate that the formation of voids and PbI2 crystallites at columnar intergrains or at the HTL (ETL) /HaP interface with the release of I2 gas is the primary cause of device degradation. Capacitance–voltage analysis showed that the PTAA device develops a much wider defective interface layer than the NiO x device, driven mainly by the chemical reaction of iodine with the interfacial layer. Thus, our results reveal that although the cracking of columnar intergrains and defective spots in the perovskite bulk is the main origin of device degradation, the nature of the carrier transport layer also partly contributes to catalyzing bulk and interface degradation. Thus, the passivation of columnar intergrain defects in the HaP bulk and lamination of the interface with a chemically inert to iodine and a moisture-resistive carrier-selective layer is crucial to the operational stability of HaPSCs.

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Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights into Accelerated Degradation of Perovskite Solar Cells under Continuous Illumination Driven by Thermal Stress and Interfacial Junction

Khadka

Shirai

Yanagida

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Energy Mater.

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“…Therefore, we have strong indication that the ETL configuration not only affects the charge extraction characteristics at the interface, but also improves the mobility within the perovskite film for PSCs with c(Li)-NP-SnO 2 as ETL as compared to c-SnO 2 and c(Li)-SnO 2 . [102][103][104][105]…”

Section: Materials Advances Papermentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of SnO₂ electron transport layer for efficient planar perovskite solar cells with very low hysteresis

et al. 2022

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“…In addition, injection of hole from perovskite to HTL is allocated to the second decay component (τ 2 ). [ 40,41,43 ] Similar to τ 1 , fitted data showed that the faster τ 2 decay components can also be observed when PTAA is used as HTL in perovskite devices under different pump fluencies, as shown in Table 3. However, the τ 2 decay components for other HTLs showed exactly a similar trend as that of τ 1 , but P9VK‐based devices exhibited a quicker τ 2 decay component as compared to the NiO‐NC and PEDOT:PSS at higher fluence (15 µJ cm −2 ), which might be attributed to large grain size of perovskite film on P9VK HTL.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…τ 1 actually is the time of an excited electron during which it shifts from conduction band of perovskite to trap states. Therefore, the smaller the time component τ 1 , the faster trap filling, which leads to larger splitting in the quasi‐Fermi energy levels [ 41 ] and consequently an enhancement in all the device parameters. Moreover, it should be noted that the density of trap states and their depth exerts a noticeable effect on τ 1 constant.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elucidating the Roles of Hole Transport Layers in p‐i‐n Perovskite Solar Cells

Ali

Gao

Zhou

et al. 2020

Adv Elect Materials

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The hole‐transport layer (HTL) is critical to high performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) in terms of hole extraction, transportation, and mediation of the following film formation. Here, the interplay between HTLs and open‐circuit voltage (VOC) in PSCs is directly targeted. The results suggest that there is no evident relation between the obtained VOC and the work function of HTLs and it is directly controlled by the recombination losses inside the perovskite material (grain boundaries and trap states) as well as at the interfacial contacts. Additionally, an insight understanding about the charge transfer behavior in PSCs is provided and it is pointed out that the nature of interfacial contacts is a critical factor in defining charge accumulation and recombination at the interfaces. Analysis of the electroluminescence efficiency and transient absorption spectroscopy confirms the better interfacial contact of HTL/perovskite, and larger grain size of perovskite films mediated by the hydrophobic nature of HTLs can collectively and efficiently eliminate nonradiative recombination, resulting in faster charge transfer and lower resistance at the interfaces. This work provides a profound understanding of how the surface hydrophobicity and the interface contact are correlated in terms of nonradiative losses and J–V characters in real devices.

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Limitations of a polymer-based hole transporting layer for application in planar inverted perovskite solar cells

Abstract: Operational stability and structural integrity of a poly(triarylamine) hole transporter and methylammonium lead halide absorber are investigated upon exposure to UV stress.

Cited by 38 publications

References 78 publications

Insights into Accelerated Degradation of Perovskite Solar Cells under Continuous Illumination Driven by Thermal Stress and Interfacial Junction

Insights into Accelerated Degradation of Perovskite Solar Cells under Continuous Illumination Driven by Thermal Stress and Interfacial Junction

Optimization of SnO₂ electron transport layer for efficient planar perovskite solar cells with very low hysteresis

Elucidating the Roles of Hole Transport Layers in p‐i‐n Perovskite Solar Cells

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Limitations of a polymer-based hole transporting layer for application in planar inverted perovskite solar cells

Abstract: Operational stability and structural integrity of a poly(triarylamine) hole transporter and methylammonium lead halide absorber are investigated upon exposure to UV stress.

Cited by 38 publications

References 78 publications

Insights into Accelerated Degradation of Perovskite Solar Cells under Continuous Illumination Driven by Thermal Stress and Interfacial Junction

Insights into Accelerated Degradation of Perovskite Solar Cells under Continuous Illumination Driven by Thermal Stress and Interfacial Junction

Optimization of SnO2 electron transport layer for efficient planar perovskite solar cells with very low hysteresis

Elucidating the Roles of Hole Transport Layers in p‐i‐n Perovskite Solar Cells

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Optimization of SnO₂ electron transport layer for efficient planar perovskite solar cells with very low hysteresis