Limit values of impact energy determined from contours and surface pressure distribution of apples under impact loads

Stopa, Roman; Szyjewicz, Daniel; Komarnicki, Przemysław; Kuta, Łukasz

doi:10.1016/j.compag.2018.08.041

Cited by 17 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The speed range during analysis ranged from 443 to 1715 mm•s −1 . Stopa et al, in their observations, assumed and confirmed the hypothesis that permanent deformations indicated an occurrence of the first signs of damage in the parenchyma tissue, and it followed an increase of the impact energy corresponding with the initial phase of maximum surface pressure stabilisation [20].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…Sci. 2021, 11, 7579 6 of 16 and it followed an increase of the impact energy corresponding with the initial phase of maximum surface pressure stabilisation [20].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Forecasts of areas of influence, deformation, and distribution of surface pressure in fruit are important issues in post-harvest research. There are many methods for fruit damage assessment, i.e., by means of surface pressure and stress distribution [20]. Developments in computer technology, with the use of finite element methods (FEM, enable the use of this system to predict the mechanical behaviours of fruits under loading.…”

Section: Fem Load Assessment Of Biological Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Attempt to Model the Surface Pressures of Apples Using the Finite Element Method

et al. 2021

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Apples are the most popular fruits grown in Polish orchards. In order to obtain the best quality fruit, it is necessary to improve plantation maintenance, fruit harvesting, and processing. Given that many fruits are exposed to external factors, including forces that adversely affect their structure—causing them to crack, bruise, or crush—it is necessary to provide conditions that do not adversely affect their quality. Therefore, the aim of this article was to develop a simplified model of an apple that could be tested under different loads using the finite element method. The parameters of the model were selected to reflect the actual apple as accurately as possible. To assess the apples under impact load, as well as the construction of the FEM model, concrete and wooden substrates were used, where apples were dropped from height of 10 mm and 30 mm. Due to this research, an apple model was obtained that reflects the actual object very well (high R2 coefficient). In addition, the layering and distribution of surface pressures of the real and model objects from the distribution are presented. This shows that the constructed model corresponds to the behaviour of the biological material, subjected to loads in real conditions.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…Sci. 2021, 11, 7579 6 of 16 and it followed an increase of the impact energy corresponding with the initial phase of maximum surface pressure stabilisation [20].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Fem Load Assessment Of Biological Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Attempt to Model the Surface Pressures of Apples Using the Finite Element Method

et al. 2021

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“…For assessing the severity/extent of fruit bruising, currently, there is no standard method available. Some reported work in the past used bruise volume as indicator [17,[33][34][35]. However, due to the Agronomy 2020, 10, 59 6 of 13 difficulty in measuring bruise volume, visible bruising, bruise diameter or bruise surface area received greater interests during impact experiments [36,37].…”

Section: Fruit Bruising Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bruise Patterns of Fresh Market Apples Caused by Fruit-to-Fruit Impact

Han

Karkee

et al. 2020

Agronomy

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Comprehensive understanding of bruise damage caused by apple-to-apple impacts is beneficial to design a low-impact fruit capturing mechanism for mass (shake-and-catch) harvesting, as well as to design other fruit handling devices. This study quantified the bruising severity in ‘Jazz’ apples induced by different levels of impact upon various fruit surface locations. Impact experiments were carried out to analyze bruising patterns in three zones in a fruit surface, i.e., middle/cheek-to-top/stem, middle-to-middle and middle-to-bottom/calyx. Moving fruit and stationary fruit were impacted using a pendulum-type test device, and an equivalent drop height of fruit was calculated to provide a more practical measure for designing a catching surface. In each impact zone, seven different levels of impacts were applied respectively at seven different locations on the fruit surface. Those locations were evenly distributed along the circumferential direction in each of the three zones, and moving fruit was replaced after each impact test. The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) standard was then used to estimate percentages of fruit in the Extra Fancy Class 1 (no bruising), Extra Fancy (a bruising area diameter ≤ 12.7 mm) and Fresh Market (a bruising area diameter ≤ 19 mm) grades. Results showed that fruit bruising severity increased in a non-linear manner with increasing drop height. It was also found that there existed significant differences in fruit bruising severity between stationary and moving fruit under different fruit-to-fruit impact zones. The bottom zone showed the least bruising sensitivity, followed by the middle zone which was statistically similar to the same in the top zone. The results suggested that the free drop height need to be <3 cm to keep from fruit bruising caused by apple-to-apple impact at a negligible level for ‘Jazz’ apples.

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“…Mathematical modeling is being increasingly utilized to innovate and optimize key pre-and post-harvest processes, vital to the success of the horticultural cold-chain. [1][2][3][4][5] One current challenge in the model development process for products of biological origin is the definition and construction of an accurate 3D model geometry. Fruits and vegetables are in particular produced with a wide variability in shape and size, even within a given cultivar.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A shape equation for Hayward Kiwifruit

Olatunji

Love

Shim

et al. 2019

International Journal of Food Properties

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In this paper, a new shape equation for Hayward kiwifruit is developed. Being simple and generic, it required only the major measurable dimensions of a kiwifruit as inputs (length, major-diameter, and minor-diameter). The equation was validated against empirical shape data with a maximum 3.09% error. The new shape equation can estimate important metrics, such as volume, mass and surface area. Equation development was generalized, so shape equations for other crops could be produced using the same methodology. The simplicity and speed of this new method allow realistic populations of Hayward kiwifruit to be rapidly generated in a modeling environment. ARTICLE HISTORY

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Limit values of impact energy determined from contours and surface pressure distribution of apples under impact loads

Cited by 17 publications

References 29 publications

An Attempt to Model the Surface Pressures of Apples Using the Finite Element Method

An Attempt to Model the Surface Pressures of Apples Using the Finite Element Method

Bruise Patterns of Fresh Market Apples Caused by Fruit-to-Fruit Impact

A shape equation for Hayward Kiwifruit

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