Limit of crustal drilling depth

Zhao, Yangsheng; Feng, Zengchao; Xi, Baoping; Yang, Dinglong; Liang, Weiguo; Wan, Zhifeng

doi:10.1016/j.jrmge.2017.05.006

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…However, once coal failure is initiated, the stress state quickly transitions from a triaxial to bi-directional, and ultimately to unidirectional stress. According to the precept of minimal energy for coal failure (Zhao et al 2003), once a coal body undergoes failure and instability, the strength that needs to be consumed is usually the failure vitality in a unidirectional stress,…”

Section: Energy Condition For Initiation Of Fault Slip-induced Dynami...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on the fault slip rule and the rockburst mechanism induced by mining the panel through fault

Kong

Wang

Xing

et al. 2023

Preprint

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When mining operations are conducted near faults can cause the fault to slip and release energy, resulting in a rock burst and posing a significant safety risk to coal mine production. This paper proposes a numerical simulation method, based on FLAC3D numerical simulation, for calculating the dynamic forces of fault slippage below the impact of mining. The release patterns of energy from fault slip are compared and analyzed between mining across the fault from the hanging wall and mining across the fault from the footwall. The dynamic response characteristics of the mining area under the disturbance of fault slip-induced loading are revealed. This research suggests that the fault slip seismic second (M0) of the panel mined via the fault from the footwall is substantially higher thru from striking wall. Moreover, the disturbance of the footwall mining face across the fault leads to a more severe disturbance of the surrounding rock mass, resulting in a higher risk of dynamic pressure. Plastic failure of the rock surrounded in the mining area under the strong dynamic loading of fault slip leads to a significant reduction in peak abutment stress, releasing tremendous energy. When the disturbance caused by fault slip-induced loading is relatively small, the maximum abutment tension increases, and the dynamic load increases the energy storage of stope surrounding rock. Based on energy theory, an energy criterion for the occurrence of fault slip-type rockburst has been proposed. The results suggest that strong fault slip dynamic load has an obvious inducing effect on rock burst, and the stronger the dynamic load and greater static load of the rock surrounding the stope, the more the manifestation of rockburst.

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Section: Energy Condition For Initiation Of Fault Slip-induced Dynami...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on the fault slip rule and the rockburst mechanism induced by mining the panel through fault

Kong

Wang

Xing

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…The drilling experts from China Geological Survey (Lü et al, 2020) believe that 'Deep-hole drilling is a way to understand the material composition, structure and dynamic process of the inner spheres of the Earth.' The question was posed even more specifically by Chinese geological engineers (Zhao et al, 2017): 'Deep-hole drilling is becoming the direct and most effective means of exploiting mineral resources. To determine the limit of crustal drilling depth, we conducted tests for the case of well deformation under high P-T conditions using a triaxial server system for the very first time.…”

Section: Opportunities and Prospects For Exploring The Planetary Interior Using Deep-hole Drillingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anniversary of the commencement of the sg-3 Kola superdeep borehole drilling operations

Skuf’in

2021

Nexo Revista Científica

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The presented article reviews the history of drilling the deepest well in the world, located in the northeastern part of the Early Proterozoic Pechenga structure (Kola Peninsula). In 1990, the Kola Superdeep Borehole (SG-3) reached a record depth of 12,262 m. SG-3 fully completed all the assigned tasks, both in technical and scientific terms. The 4024 linear meters of core were extracted, including drill samples from a record depth. Overall, a whole complex of logging geophysical works with a total length of 400 thousand km was performed through the use of 25 methods. This allowed obtaining the latest information on the structure and composition of the deep horizons of the earth's crust, which qualitatively changed the data of previous deep seismic studies. Also, the emerging data on the chemical and mineral composition, as well as the research of physical properties of deep rocks, proved the presence of ore mineralization and metal-bearing hydrothermal systems. SG-3 at its depth uncovered new ore bodies of copper-nickel ores; six types of ore mineralization have been identified throughout the section of the borehole. High permeability for fluids and hydrothermal solutions of deep zones of the earth's crust was established, which is associated with increased porosity and rocks fracturing. It was also proved that the earliest Precambrian metasedimentary rocks were formed with the active participation of biological processes. The presented analysis of the deep-hole drilling experience allows the author to confirm the status of SG-3 as the deepest artificial point on Earth.

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“…The LCST of available thermoresponsive polymer with amphiphilicity (typically including PNIPAM-based polymers and PEG-based polymers) is usually 30–80 °C; , thus, the traditional thermoresponsive polymers cannot work as thickener over 100 °C. In general, the formation temperature gradient is about 2.5–3 °C/100 m and the depth of formation temperature to achieve 150 °C is 4500–6000m, which can be classified as the depth of deep well in drilling engineering . Therefore, the HTP exhibits continuous thermo-thickening behavior from 48 to 148 °C, which is in prospect of used as additives to the treatment fluids for drilling deep well.…”

Section: Thermo-thickening Performance and Mechanism Of Htpmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevention Strategy of Cement Slurry Sedimentation under High Temperature. Part 1: A Polymer with Continuous Thermo-Thickening Behavior from 48 to 148 °C

Chen

Wang

et al. 2019

J. Phys. Chem. C

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Traditional thermoresponsive polymers with amphiphilicity exhibit acute thermo-thickening behaviors through phase transition and cannot be used as stabilizer to prevent high-viscosity liquid from viscosity reduction versus increasing temperature. Therefore, this study aims to develop a water-soluble polymer that has both thickening ability and continuous thermo-thickening ability in a wide temperature range. Inspired by the researches about hydrophobically associating polymers, a novel thermo-thickening polymer with strong hydrophobicity (HTP) has been synthesized, which consists of acrylamide (AM), 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPS), and a hydrophobic monomer with surfactant character (SHM). HTP has good thermal stability and moderate resistance to the salt and alkali. In particular, HTP exhibits a continuous thermo-thickening behavior from 48 to 148 °C and can mitigate the consistency reduction of cement slurry under high temperatures. A series of experimental results (including environmental scanning electron microscope, gel permeation chromatography, differential scanning calorimeter, and pyrene fluorescence probe) indicate that the microstructure changes of HTP molecules in solution determine the thickening and thermo-thickening behaviors of HTP. The thickening behavior of HTP is due to the generation of spatial molecular networks in solution. The formed networks become more tangled and larger along with increasing HTP concentration resulting in a higher viscosity of solution. Under higher temperature, the tangled HTP molecular chains may stretch and fabricate much larger and denser networks causing the thermo-thickening behavior of HTP. It is hoped that the thermo-thickening polymer presented in this paper can be applied in various fields.

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Limit of crustal drilling depth

Cited by 10 publications

References 8 publications

Study on the fault slip rule and the rockburst mechanism induced by mining the panel through fault

Study on the fault slip rule and the rockburst mechanism induced by mining the panel through fault

Anniversary of the commencement of the sg-3 Kola superdeep borehole drilling operations

Prevention Strategy of Cement Slurry Sedimentation under High Temperature. Part 1: A Polymer with Continuous Thermo-Thickening Behavior from 48 to 148 °C

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