Lime–Ground Glass–Sodium Hydroxide as an Enhanced Sustainable Binder Stabilizing Silica Sand

Consoli, Nilo César; Daassi-Gli, Cocou Auxence Pierre; Ruver, Cesar Alberto; Lotero, Andres; Filho, Hugo Carlos Scheuermann; Moncaleano, Cindy Johanna; Lourenço, David Eduardo

doi:10.1061/(asce)gt.1943-5606.0002624

Cited by 18 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…Fire ash contains calcium oxide and is sometimes used in the local community and has been shown to improve the strength and binding of soils [22,23]. The silicate mix is a soil binder replacement for cement [24]. These oor slabs were compared to a standard concrete slab (slab #1, Table 1) as a 'positive control' with 15 cm depth of hardcore rock, overlaid with builders' sand purchased from a hardware merchant, mixed with 15% cement (15 cm depth) nished with a thin cement and water slurry later to ll cracks and uneven surfaces to obtain a smooth and level nish.…”

Section: Floor Development and Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developing low-cost house floors to control tungiasis in Kenya – a feasibility study

Elson,

Nyawa,

Matharu

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Context : Tungiasis is a neglected tropical skin disease endemic in resource-poor communities. It is caused by the penetration of the female sand flea, Tunga penetrans, into the skin causing immense pain, itching, difficulty walking, sleeping and concentrating on school or work. Infection is associated with living in a house with unsealed earthen house floors. Methods This feasibility study used a community-based co-creation approach to develop and test simple, locally appropriate, and affordable flooring solutions to create a sealed, washable floor for the prevention of tungiasis. Locally used techniques were explored and compared in small slab trials. The best floor was pilot trialled in a few households with tungiasis cases to assess its durability and costs, feasibility of installation in existing local houses using local masons and explore community perceptions. Disease outcomes were measured to estimate potential impact. Results It was feasible to build the capacity of a community-based organization to conduct research, develop a low-cost floor and conduct a pilot trial. The optimal floor was stabilized local subsoil with cement at a 1:9 ratio, installed as a 5 cm depth slab. A sealed floor was associated with a lower mean infection intensity among infected children than in control households (aIRR 0.53, 95%CI 0.29–0.97) when adjusted for covariates. The cost of the new floor was US$3/m2 compared to $10 for a concrete floor. Beneficiaries reported the floor made their lives much easier, enabled them to keep clean and children to do their schoolwork and eat while sitting on the floor. Challenges encountered indicate future studies would need intensive mentoring of masons to ensure the floor is properly installed and households supervised to ensure the floor is properly cured. Conclusion This study provided promising evidence that retrofitting simple cement-stabilised soil floors with locally available materials is a feasible option for tungiasis control and can be implemented through training of community-based organisations. Disease outcome data is promising and suggests that a definitive trial is warranted. Data generated will inform the design of a fully powered randomized trial combined with behaviour change communications. Trial Registration ISRCTN 62801024 (retrospective 07.07.2023)

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Section: Floor Development and Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developing low-cost house floors to control tungiasis in Kenya – a feasibility study

Elson,

Nyawa,

Matharu

et al. 2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Fire ash contains calcium oxide and is sometimes used in the local community and has been shown to improve the strength and binding of soils [25,26]. The silicate mix is a soil binder replacement for cement [27]. These floor slabs were compared to a hardcore and concrete slab (slab #1, Table 1) as a 'positive control' with 15 cm depth of hardcore rock, overlaid with builders' sand purchased from a hardware merchant, mixed with 15% cement (15 cm depth) finished with a thin cement and water slurry later to fill cracks and uneven surfaces to obtain a smooth and level finish.…”

Section: Floor Development and Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developing low-cost house floors to control tungiasis in Kenya – a feasibility study

Elson,

Nyawa,

Matharu

et al. 2023

BMC Public Health

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Context Tungiasis is a neglected tropical skin disease endemic in resource-poor communities. It is caused by the penetration of the female sand flea, Tunga penetrans, into the skin causing immense pain, itching, difficulty walking, sleeping and concentrating on school or work. Infection is associated with living in a house with unsealed earthen house floors. Methods This feasibility study used a community-based co-creation approach to develop and test simple, locally appropriate, and affordable flooring solutions to create a sealed, washable floor for the prevention of tungiasis. Locally used techniques were explored and compared in small slab trials. The floor with best strength and lowest cost was pilot trialed in 12 households with tungiasis cases to assess its durability and costs, feasibility of installation in existing local houses using local masons and explore community perceptions. Disease outcomes were measured to estimate potential impact. Results It was feasible to build the capacity of a community-based organization to conduct research, develop a low-cost floor and conduct a pilot trial. The optimal low-cost floor was stabilized local subsoil with cement at a 1:9 ratio, installed as a 5 cm depth slab. A sealed floor was associated with a lower mean infection intensity among infected children than in control households (aIRR 0.53, 95%CI 0.29–0.97) when adjusted for covariates. The cost of the new floor was US$3/m2 compared to $10 for a concrete floor. Beneficiaries reported the floor made their lives much easier, enabled them to keep clean and children to do their schoolwork and eat while sitting on the floor. Challenges encountered indicate future studies would need intensive mentoring of masons to ensure the floor is properly installed and households supervised to ensure the floor is properly cured. Conclusion This study provided promising evidence that retrofitting simple cement-stabilised soil floors with locally available materials is a feasible option for tungiasis control and can be implemented through training of community-based organisations. Disease outcome data is promising and suggests that a definitive trial is warranted. Data generated will inform the design of a fully powered randomized trial combined with behaviour change communications. Trial registration ISRCTN 62801024 (retrospective 07.07.2023).

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“…limestone) for CEM-I production. GGBS and PFA-based AACM binders have been widely reported to successfully stabilise soft soils, producing geomechanical performances that are comparable or superior to CEM-I stabilised soils (Cristelo et al, 2013;Miranda et al, 2020;Sargent et al, 2020a;Sargent et al, 2020b;Consoli et al, 2021;Khanday et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compressibility, Structure, and Leaching Assessments of an Alluvium Stabilized with a Biochar–Slag Binder

Sargent,

Gonzalez,

Ennis

2023

J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng.

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Deep dry soil mixing is a ground improvement technique commonly used for treating soft soils. Portland cement is the most commonly used binder, but its long-term use is unsustainable due to the high CO2 emissions associated with its manufacture. Alkali-activated cements are a low carbon alternative, involving the use of pozzolanic industrial by-products and wastes. This study provides insights into the one-dimensional compressibility, internal cemented 'structure' and leaching characteristics of an alluvial soil stabilised with a new 100% waste-based cementitious binder, comprising biochar as the alkali activator and blast furnace slag as the pozzolan. The binder has recently been demonstrated by the authors to satisfy European soil stabilisation 28-day compressive strength requirements when using dosages of 7.5 and 10% by dry weight. The biochar successfully activated the pozzolanic properties of the slag; whereby the stabilised soil mixtures developed a cemented microstructure which resulted in improvements in compressibility and stiffness. Oedometer datasets for untreated, biocharslag-and CEM-II-stabilised alluvium were successfully processed through a framework developed by the authors to quantify their artificially cemented internal structure, for use as an input parameter in advanced constitutive soil models. Leaching results indicated that the heavy and trace metal content of 1-and 28-day cured biochar-slag stabilised samples complied with UK and European waste acceptance criteria, and mean baseline heavy metal concentrations for groundwater resources in England and Wales. This study advocates the new biochar-slag binder as a suitable replacement for Portland cements in soil stabilisation, contributing to the path towards net zero carbon emissions for the ground engineering sector and improving the circular economy.

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Lime–Ground Glass–Sodium Hydroxide as an Enhanced Sustainable Binder Stabilizing Silica Sand

Cited by 18 publications

References 76 publications

Developing low-cost house floors to control tungiasis in Kenya – a feasibility study

Developing low-cost house floors to control tungiasis in Kenya – a feasibility study

Developing low-cost house floors to control tungiasis in Kenya – a feasibility study

Compressibility, Structure, and Leaching Assessments of an Alluvium Stabilized with a Biochar–Slag Binder

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