Lime and ammonium carbonate fumigation coupled with bio‐organic fertilizer application steered banana rhizosphere to assemble a unique microbiome against Panama disease

Abstract

Summary Microbiome plays a key role in determining soil suppressiveness against invading pathogens. Our previous study revealed that microbial community of bulk soil could be manipulated by lime and ammonium bicarbonate fumigation followed by biofertilizer application. However, the assembly of microbial community suppressive to banana Panama disease in the rhizosphere is still unclear. In this study, we used high‐throughput sequencing and quantitative PCR to explore the assembly of rhizosphere microbiome associated with banana Panama disease suppression in a two‐seasonal pot experiment. We found biofertilizer applied to lime and ammonium bicarbonate fumigated soil significantly ( P < 0.05) reduced the abundance of rhizosphere Fusarium oxysporum compared to biofertilizer applied to non‐fumigated soil. Principal coordinate analysis revealed that biofertilizer applied to lime and ammonium bicarbonate fumigated soil re‐shaped the rhizosphere bacterial community composition by increasing the phylogenetic relatedness, and stimulating indigenous microbes, for example , Gemmatimonas , Sphingomonas , Pseudomonas , Lysobacter and Bacillus . Co‐occurrence analysis revealed that potential species involved in disease suppression were more interrelated in disease‐suppressive soils. Taken together, lime and ammonium bicarbonate fumigation followed by biofertilizer application could induce banana rhizosphere to assemble beneficial microbes dominated consortia to suppress banana Panama disease.

A commercial seaweed extract structured microbial communities associated with tomato and pepper roots and significantly increased crop yield

“…can promote plant growth, P solubilization, N fixation and overall plant productivity (Antoun et al, 1998;Avis et al, 2008). It is now well established that biofertilizers can have an impact of the rhizospheric community and agricultural plant productivity (Trivedi et al, 2017;Shen et al, 2019;Thomashow et al, 2019). In fact, plants and microbes should likely be redefined as holobionts, an assemblage of different species that forms an ecological unit (Margulis and Fester, 1991).…”

“…Contrary to the effects of ANE on plant development, the effect of seaweed extracts on the biology of the rhizosphere is still largely unknown. Yet, previous work has showed that the application of biofertilizer (containing fermented Bacillus and pig manure) can reshape the rhizosphere community and may help to control diseases (Shen et al ., , ). The rhizosphere harbours a large microbial biodiversity where numerous microbial taxa form biofilm that contributes to the aggregation of particles, enhances nutrient cycling and delivery to plants, degrades toxic substances, allows better soil water retention and plays a role in plant disease management (reviewed by Pandin et al ., ).…”

Soil microbiome manipulation triggers direct and possible indirect suppression against Ralstonia solanacearum and Fusarium oxysporum

“…In addition to the environmental disturbances experienced by many soil communities, disturbances often arise from different land use management regimes and associated practices 4 . Fumigation, a widely used practice for suppressing soil-borne diseases 6 , 7 , especially fungal pathogens 8 , represents a drastic disturbance to the soil microbiome 9 , 10 . However, fumigation often leads to transient disease suppression as soils experience rapid pathogen reinfestation 11 .…”

Storage, fertilization and cost properties highlight the potential of dried microbial biomass as organic fertilizer

“…Alternatively, microbial biomass that is not dried and mostly viable, a so‐called biofertilizer, is known to perform indirect fertilization (e.g. biological N 2 fixation), or possess bioactive compounds to promote plant growth and health (Shen et al , 2019; Sakarika et al , 2020). It is currently unknown whether bioactive compounds remain present and active after drying, and this research line should be further explored to include all growth‐promoting effects.…”