2010
DOI: 10.1136/adc.2010.183897
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Limbic encephalitis in children and adolescents

Abstract: Limbic encephalitis is a disease that can occur in childhood or adolescence with many of the hallmarks of the adult disorder, suggesting that both result from similar pathogenic processes. Since most of the cases were non-paraneoplastic, as now also recognised in adults, more systematic and aggressive immunotherapies should be evaluated in order to improve outcomes.

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Cited by 143 publications
(132 citation statements)
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“…3 The outcome of anti-GAD Abs-related LE is largely unfavorable in both adults and children because drug-resistant seizures and cerebral atrophy are very frequent. 2,5 In our patient, clinical symptoms were extremely subtle at onset with only mood and behavioral changes, mim- icking a psychiatric disorder. However, 5 months following disease onset, she developed cerebellar signs such as nystagmus, ataxia, and gait impairment requiring a wheelchair.…”
Section: Commentmentioning
confidence: 93%
“…3 The outcome of anti-GAD Abs-related LE is largely unfavorable in both adults and children because drug-resistant seizures and cerebral atrophy are very frequent. 2,5 In our patient, clinical symptoms were extremely subtle at onset with only mood and behavioral changes, mim- icking a psychiatric disorder. However, 5 months following disease onset, she developed cerebellar signs such as nystagmus, ataxia, and gait impairment requiring a wheelchair.…”
Section: Commentmentioning
confidence: 93%
“…In this report, 7 (4%) of children had VGKC-complex antibodies, but only 2 had evidence of limbic encephalitis on imaging, and they were not positive for LGI1 or CASPR2 antibodies, as is often true for pediatric cases with positive VGKC-complex Ab. 12,[23][24][25] Although 150 pM has been proposed as a positive result for VGKC-complex Ab in children, levels .400 pM are more relevant in adults, 15,26 and only 2 children had these levels. Nevertheless, VGKC-complex antibodies appear to be associated with inflammatory disorders (Hacohen et al in preparation).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…VGKC-complex antibody positivity was based on titers .150 pM, as suggested in children. 15 Dopamine-2 receptor antibody testing (n = 103) was undertaken as described. 16 …”
Section: Immune-mediated/autoantibodyassociated Encephalitismentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In addition to these findings, hyperthermia due to hypothalamic dysfunction, somnolence, and endocrine disorders can also develop. Although it has been reported in many case series that PLE mostly affects adult patients, there are also some studies demonstrating that adolescents and children can also undergo limbic encephalitis (17). The study conducted by Haberlandt et al (17) with 10 patients with PLE, whose ages varied between 3 and 17 years and who were from three different centers in Europe, and our second case, who was 13 years old, support that PLE can also develop in early ages.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 51%