Limb regeneration in salamanders and digital tip regeneration in experimental mice: implications for the hand surgeon

Al-Qattan, M. M.; Al-Qattan, Ahmed M.; Ahmed, Durria; Al-Wahed, M. M. Abd; Shier, Medhat K.

doi:10.1177/1753193414526109

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…These processes disrupt neuroendocrine function and gonad development, and can interfere with the normal development of the reproductive system and limbs (Hayes et al, ; Norris, ). Furthermore, amphibians are adept at limb regeneration (Al‐Qattan et al, ; Brockes and Gates, ). The regeneration of a new limb in adults would (presumably) occur under different hormonal conditions to the original (fetal) limb, as such, the effects of limb regeneration on digit ratios should be explored.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

No Sexual Dimorphism Detected in Digit Ratios of the Fire Salamander (Salamandra salamandra)

Balogová

Nelson

Uhrin

et al. 2015

The Anatomical Record

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It has been proposed that digit ratio may be used as a biomarker of early developmental effects. Specifically, the second-to-fourth digit ratio (2D:4D) has been linked to the effects of sex hormones and their receptor genes, but other digit ratios have also been investigated. Across taxa, patterns of sexual dimorphism in digit ratios are ambiguous and a scarcity of studies in basal tetrapods makes it difficult to understand how ratios have evolved. Here, we focus on examining sex differences in digit ratios (2D:3D, 2D:4D, and 3D:4D) in a common amphibian, the fire salamander (Salamandra salamandra). We used graphic software to measure soft tissue digit length and digit bone length from X-rays. We found a nonsignificant tendency in males to have a lower 2D:3D than females; however, no sexual differences were detected in the other ratios. We discuss our results in the context of other studies of digit ratios, and how sex determination systems, as well as other factors, might impact patterns of sexual dimorphism, particularly in reptiles and in amphibians. Our findings suggest that caution is needed when using digit ratios as a potential indicator of prenatal hormonal effects in amphibians and highlight the need for more comparative studies to elucidate the evolutionary and genetic mechanisms implicated in sexually dimorphic patterns across taxonomic groups.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

No Sexual Dimorphism Detected in Digit Ratios of the Fire Salamander (Salamandra salamandra)

Balogová

Nelson

Uhrin

et al. 2015

The Anatomical Record

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“…However, in more highly evolved vertebrates, mammals, for example humans and mice, have relatively limited regeneration repertoires restricted to digit tips (Al‐Qattan et al. ).…”

Section: Developmental Biology Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Delayed AEC formation may reduce regeneration ability (Al‐Qattan et al. ). In addition, excessive scarring hinders regeneration.…”

Section: Challenges Of the Developmental Approach For Digit And Limb mentioning

confidence: 99%

Regeneration and repair of human digits and limbs: fact and fiction

Shieh

Cheng

2015

Regeneration

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A variety of digit and limb repair and reconstruction methods have been used in different clinical settings, but regeneration remains an item on every plastic surgeon's “wish list.” Although surgical salvage techniques are continually being improved, unreplantable digits and limbs are still abundant. We comprehensively review the structural and functional salvage methods in clinical practice, from the peeling injuries of small distal fingertips to multisegmented amputated limbs, and the developmental and tissue engineering approaches for regenerating human digits and limbs in the laboratory. Although surgical techniques have forged ahead, there are still situations in which digits and limbs are unreplantable. Advances in the field are delineated, and the regeneration processes of salamander limbs, lizard tails, and mouse digits and each component of tissue engineering approaches for digit‐ and limb‐building are discussed. Although the current technology is promising, there are many challenges in human digit and limb regeneration. We hope this review inspires research on the critical gap between clinical and basic science, and leads to more sophisticated digit and limb loss rescue and regeneration innovations.

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“…6 Recent research suggests that one possible reason behind the lack of limb regeneration in higher vertebrates such as humans and mice may be the lack of expression of nAG and its receptor Prod-1 in the amputation stump. 7 Furthermore, Al-Qattan et al 8 suggested that the expression of both nAG and Prod-1 should be incorporated into models of digital tip regeneration in higher vertebrates. 8 One obstacle to such models is the fact that nAG and Prod-1 are specific for salamanders and thus new nAG and Prod-1 genes need to be designed for use in mammals.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…7 Furthermore, Al-Qattan et al 8 suggested that the expression of both nAG and Prod-1 should be incorporated into models of digital tip regeneration in higher vertebrates. 8 One obstacle to such models is the fact that nAG and Prod-1 are specific for salamanders and thus new nAG and Prod-1 genes need to be designed for use in mammals. 9 Another obstacle is the difficulty of delivering nAG and Prod-1 to the amputation stumps in mice either because of spillage (if direct injection into the stump is done) or because mice tend to remove or puncture any occlusive dressings over their amputation stumps (if injection is done through silicone caps or specifically designed sleeves to cover the amputation stumps of experimental mice).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of nAG and Prod-1 in Terminal Phalanx Amputation Stumps of Adult Mice

Al‐Qattan

Abd-Alwahed

Arafah

et al. 2016

Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery

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Limb regeneration in salamanders and digital tip regeneration in experimental mice: implications for the hand surgeon

Abstract: 5.

Cited by 6 publications

References 25 publications

No Sexual Dimorphism Detected in Digit Ratios of the Fire Salamander (Salamandra salamandra)

No Sexual Dimorphism Detected in Digit Ratios of the Fire Salamander (Salamandra salamandra)

Regeneration and repair of human digits and limbs: fact and fiction

Expression of nAG and Prod-1 in Terminal Phalanx Amputation Stumps of Adult Mice

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