Limb and Trunk Mechanisms for Balance Control during Locomotion in Quadrupeds

Musienko, Pavel; Deliagina, T. G.; Gerasimenko, Yury; Orlovsky, G. N.; Zelenin, Pavel V.

doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4663-13.2014

Cited by 32 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…It was suggested that PLRs in intact animals substantially contribute to postural corrections generated during standing (Musienko et al, 2008, 2010; Deliagina et al, 2012). Recently, in decerebrate cat, we demonstrated that PLRs contribute also to maintenance of lateral stability of the hindquarters during locomotion (Musienko et al, 2014). We have shown that PLRs are generated mainly in response to somatosensory inpits from the ipsilateral limb (Musienko et al, 2010).…”

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confidence: 99%

Effect of acute lateral hemisection of the spinal cord on spinal neurons of postural networks

et al. 2016

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In quadrupeds, acute lateral hemisection of the spinal cord (LHS) severely impairs postural functions, which recover over time. Postural limb reflexes (PLRs) represent a substantial component of postural corrections in intact animals. The aim of the present study was to characterize the effects of acute LHS on two populations of spinal neurons (F and E) mediating PLRs. For this purpose, in decerebrate rabbits, responses of individual neurons from L5 to stimulation causing PLRs were recorded before and during reversible LHS (caused by temporal cold block of signal transmission in lateral spinal pathways at L1), as well as after acute surgical (Sur) LHS at L1. Results obtained after Sur-LHS were compared to control data obtained in our previous study. We found that acute LHS caused disappearance of PLRs on the affected side. It also changed a proportion of different types of neurons on that side. A significant decrease and increase in the proportion of F- and non-modulated neurons, respectively, was found. LHS caused a significant decrease in most parameters of activity in F-neurons located in the ventral horn on the lesioned side and in E-neurons of the dorsal horn on both sides. These changes were caused by a significant decrease in the efficacy of posture-related sensory input from the ipsilateral limb to F-neurons, and from the contralateral limb to both F- and E-neurons. These distortions in operation of postural networks underlie the impairment of postural control after acute LHS, and represent a starting point for the subsequent recovery of postural functions.

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confidence: 99%

Effect of acute lateral hemisection of the spinal cord on spinal neurons of postural networks

et al. 2016

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“…It was shown that during forward locomotion the sensory feedback from the limb during swing also plays an important role. It is signaling the current value of hip abduction or adduction and modifies the swing trajectory to secure that the final foot position in relation to the trunk at the moment of the limb loading is always the same (Musienko et al, 2014). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most bipeds and quadrupeds, in addition to the main form of locomotion, forward stepping, are also capable of backward and sideward stepping (Stein et al, 1986; Buford and Smith, 1990; Buford et al, 1990; Rossignol, 1996; Deliagina et al, 1997; Zelenin et al, 2011; Musienko et al, 2012). Steps with a lateral component are also used for correcting perturbations of balance during forward walking (Karayannidou et al, 2009; Musienko et al, 2014; Hof et al, 2010; Hof and Duysens, 2013). During undisturbed stationary locomotion the trunk exhibits lateral oscillations in the rhythm of stepping (Karayannidou et al, 2009; Misiaszek, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, we found that other back muscles (erector spinae and multifidus) did not contribute to trunk corrective movements caused by the limb displacement in the standing rabbit. These muscles also did not exhibit consistent step-related modulation during locomotion (Musienko et al, 2014), and it was suggested that their role during locomotion is to control the stiffness of the back (Carlson et al, 1979). Thus, one can suggest that the same mechanism generates the trunk movements during change-in-support postural corrections and during locomotion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neural mechanisms of single corrective steps evoked in the standing rabbit

et al. 2017

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Single steps in different directions are often used for postural corrections. However, our knowledge about the neural mechanisms underlying their generation is scarce. This study was aimed to characterize the corrective steps generated in response to disturbances of the basic body configuration caused by forward, backward or outward displacement of the hindlimb, as well as to reveal location in the CNS of the corrective step generating mechanisms. Video recording of the motor response to translation of the supporting surface under the hindlimb along with contact forces and activity of back and limb muscles was performed in freely standing intact and in fixed postmammillary rabbits. In intact rabbits, displacement of the hindlimb in any direction caused a lateral trunk movement towards the contralateral hindlimb, and then a corrective step in the direction opposite to the initial displacement. The time difference between onsets of these two events varied considerably. The EMG pattern in the supporting hindlimb was similar for all directions of corrective steps. It caused the increase in the limb stiffness. EMG pattern in the stepping limb differed in steps with different directions. In postmammillary rabbits the corrective stepping movements, as well as EMG patterns in both stepping and standing hindlimbs were similar to those observed in intact rabbits. This study demonstrates that the corrective trunk and limb movements are generated by separate mechanisms activated by sensory signals from the deviated limb. The neuronal networks generating postural corrective steps reside in the brainstem, cerebellum, and spinal cord.

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“…; Musienko et al. , ). Therefore, it is also important to study hind limb FS and FL to value the CPG activity in the absence of afferent inputs in BCAC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Hind limb motoneurons activity during fictive locomotion or scratching induced by pinna stimulation, serotonin, or glutamic acid in brain cortex-ablated cats

et al. 2017

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In brain cortex‐ablated cats (BCAC), hind limb motoneurons activity patterns were studied during fictive locomotion (FL) or fictive scratching (FS) induced by pinna stimulation. In order to study motoneurons excitability: heteronymous monosynaptic reflex (HeMR), intracellular recording, and individual Ia afferent fiber antidromic activity (AA) were analyzed. The intraspinal cord microinjections of serotonin or glutamic acid effects were made to study their influence in FL or FS. During FS, HeMR amplitude in extensor and bifunctional motoneurons increased prior to or during the respective electroneurogram (ENG). In soleus (SOL) motoneurons were reduced during the scratch cycle (SC). AA in medial gastrocnemius (MG) Ia afferent individual fibers of L6‐L7 dorsal roots did not occur during FS. Flexor digitorum longus (FDL) and MG motoneurons fired with doublets during the FS bursting activity, motoneuron membrane potential from some posterior biceps (PB) motoneurons exhibits a depolarization in relation to the PB (ENG). It changed to a locomotor drive potential in relation to one of the double ENG, PB bursts. In FDL and semitendinosus (ST) motoneurons, the membrane potential was depolarized during FS, but it did not change during FL. Glutamic acid injected in the L3‐L4 spinal cord segment favored the transition from FS to FL. During FL, glutamic acid produces a duration increase of extensors ENGs. Serotonin increases the ENG amplitude in extensor motoneurons, as well as the duration of scratching episodes. It did not change the SC duration. Segregation and motoneurons excitability could be regulated by the rhythmic generator and the pattern generator of the central pattern generator.

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Limb and Trunk Mechanisms for Balance Control during Locomotion in Quadrupeds

Cited by 32 publications

References 40 publications

Effect of acute lateral hemisection of the spinal cord on spinal neurons of postural networks

Effect of acute lateral hemisection of the spinal cord on spinal neurons of postural networks

Neural mechanisms of single corrective steps evoked in the standing rabbit

Hind limb motoneurons activity during fictive locomotion or scratching induced by pinna stimulation, serotonin, or glutamic acid in brain cortex-ablated cats

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