Like water and vapor—conformity and independence in the large group

Tarnow, Eugen

doi:10.1002/bs.3830410204

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 14 publications

(15 reference statements)

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“…Civic movements play an important corrective role in society and influence the direction of political changes because they are precisely the practical framework where resistance and alternatives can be offered (Puđak 2014: 97). We share the opinion of Puđak (2014) and other authors (e.g., Tarnow 1996 andEriksen 2016), who claim that the initiative for positive change needs to come from below, at least initially.…”

Section: Theoretical Frameworksupporting

confidence: 54%

Making a Change From Below

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Podjed

2020

Traditiones

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The authors look into two environmental movements that arose from grassroots initiatives. The first is Ecologists without Borders, the leading NGO promoting waste reduction in Slovenia. The second is Critical Mass, an international cyclists’ movement that seeks more public space for urban cyclists, which the authors studied in Belgrade and Budapest. Ethnographic analysis indicates that the two movements have had certain common experiences. The authors use these cases to investigate the social transition that such movements support and shed light on how they arise, function, and change over time.

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Section: Theoretical Frameworksupporting

confidence: 54%

Making a Change From Below

Ličen

Podjed

2020

Traditiones

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“…• Conformity: when authors focus on consensus, exemplified by aligned behaviors, same opinions, and/or emotions, and so on (see, e.g. [Feinberg and Johnson, 1990;Johnson and Feinberg, 1977;Tarnow, 1996]).…”

Section: Context Summentioning

confidence: 99%

A landscape of crowd-management support: An integrative approach

et al. 2016

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Of the many crowd behavior models, very few have been used in assisting crowd management practice. This lack of usage is partly due to crowd management involving a diversity of situations that require competencies in observing, sense-making, anticipating and acting. Crowd research is similarly scattered across disciplines and needs integration to advance the field towards supporting practice. To address these needs, we present INCROWD, an integrated framework detailing a high-level architecture of a decisionsupport system for crowd management and model development. It also offers a lens for categorizing crowd literature, allowing us to present a structured literature review.

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“…Madison's assumes with his latter assertions that a larger number of people would automatically lead to a better averaging effect. However, this is probably incorrect (see, for example, [27] and the concept of diffusion of responsibility and the actual lack of averaging in groups see [28,29]). In particular, if the levels of obedience and conformity are high, collective effects can result which make individuals powerless to follow their own convictions [29].…”

Section: Combating Excessive Obedience -Samples From History Madisonmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Social Engineering Solution to Preventing the Murder in the Milgram Experiment~!2008-09-08~!2008-10-27~!2008-11-28~!

Tarnow¹

2008

TOJ

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Society's power to make us obey allows for peaceful existence, economic prosperity and efficiency but it also allows faulty decisions to be amplified and become catastrophic. In 1963 Stanley Milgram showed that the vast majority of humans exhibit excessively obedient behavior in the presence of an authority and that we can easily be made to encourage or tolerate real torture and murder even though it contrasts with our own stated ethical values. The Milgram finding was buried by the criticism of the ethics of the experiment itself and it is the purpose of this paper to resurrect it. While the murder of the confederate Learner is an unethical decision, the fundamental finding of the experiment is not about which ethical decision to make, but rather that we are not able to carry out the ethical decisions we would like to make, in other words it is about self actualization. To prevent the fake murder in the Milgram experiment and, by extension, the real murders elsewhere, we need to accomplish two things. First, we have to teach ourselves that there is a large discrepancy between what we think we will do and what we will actually do in situations of authority. Second, we have to minimize the difference between what we do and what we would like to do. In this paper barriers and dynamics in our society that keep us from breaking and even enforce our habit to obey excessively are discussed. A sketch of a solution to the problem of excessive obedience is made involving experiential training, mappings of authority fields, rules and strong situations, and policy changes.

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Like water and vapor—conformity and independence in the large group

Cited by 8 publications

References 14 publications

Making a Change From Below

Making a Change From Below

A landscape of crowd-management support: An integrative approach

The Social Engineering Solution to Preventing the Murder in the Milgram Experiment~!2008-09-08~!2008-10-27~!2008-11-28~!

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