LIGNUM: a model combining the structure and the functioning of trees

Perttunen, Jari; Sievänen, Risto; Nikinmaa, Eero

doi:10.1016/s0304-3800(98)00028-3

Cited by 151 publications

(121 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The model LIGNUM [78,79,96] combines a PBM with a detailed description of the tree crown. The photosynthetic production of tree parts depends on their local light climate.…”

Section: Models Utilizing Process-based Relationshipsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[16]. For example, in the LIGNUM model of Scots pine [78,79], the construction that corresponds to our definition of IEU, is the stem segment including branching point and axillary buds at the upper end. The tree segment is composed of heartwood, sapwood, bark and the foliage cylinder surrounding the segment ( figure 2).…”

Section: An Elementary Unit and Its Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This situation may arise e.g. when the radiation extinction is treated as a geometrical problem [79]; 2. The material transport is modeled using partial differential equations as, e.g.…”

Section: Computational Requirementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Components of functional-structural tree models

Sievänen¹,

et al. 2000

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-We analyze functional-structural tree models (FMSs) that are an outgrowth of developments in process-based models (PBMs) on the one hand, and morphological models on the other. Existing morphological and functional-structural models are briefly reviewed. We introduce the idealized elementary unit (IEU) that can be used as the basic component of a FSM, and pinpoint the processes that have to be accounted for. The distribution of metabolites and growth is identified as one of the main focal points to be investigated in conjunction with FSMs, and the different approaches that can be applied in constructing the model component for this process are presented. Finally, we analyze the computational requirements of FSMs, discuss the challenges they pose, and assess their applicability in a number of different tasks. functional-structural model / process-based model / morphological model / tree structure / L-system Résumé -Les composants des modèles fonctionnels et structuraux des arbres. Cet article a pour objet de faire une synthèse des approches réalisées dans le cadre de la modélisation fonctionnelle et structurale des arbres (FSM). Ces modèles résultent du couplage entre la modélisation du fonctionnement écophysiologique d'arbres, d'une part, et la modélisation des processus morphologiques, d'autre part. Après une brève présentation des approches existantes, nous introduisons la notion « d'unité élémentaire idéale » (IEU) qui peut être considérée comme la composante fondamentale des FSM au regard de la souplesse qu'elle confère dans l'articulation des processus. La distribution des métabolites et la croissance sont ensuite abordées comme étant les processus à résoudre de façon prioritaire dans le développement des FSM, et les différentes approches pouvant être mises à contribution dans la construction de ces modèles sont discutées. Enfin nous analysons les besoins en programmation des FSM, discutons des avancées nécessaires et évaluons leur adéquation à la résolution d'objectifs divers. modèle fonctionnel-structural / modèle de fonctionnement / modèle morphologique / structure des arbres / L-system

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“…The model LIGNUM [78,79,96] combines a PBM with a detailed description of the tree crown. The photosynthetic production of tree parts depends on their local light climate.…”

Section: Models Utilizing Process-based Relationshipsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: An Elementary Unit and Its Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Components of functional-structural tree models

Sievänen¹,

et al. 2000

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“…Perttunen et al (33) presentan el modelo LIGNUM, extraordinario esfuerzo por realizar una modelación estructural de plantas a partir de procesos fisiológicos. Perttunen et al (33) toman como concepto básico de trabajo la idea de que el árbol es una colección de un gran número de unidades pequeñas, en cada una de las cuales está ocurriendo simultáneamente una serie de procesos fisiológicos que determinan su crecimiento. Se basan en modelos de fotosíntesis y pérdidas por respiración.…”

Section: Modelación Funcional Y Estructural De Plantasunclassified

Estado del arte en modelación funcional-estructural de plantas

Quiroga

2005

Bosque (Valdivia)

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SUMMARYThe advances in trees and plants architecture and their physiology analysis, and on the other hand the advances in computer sciences, have permitted the development of 3D structural plant models. The basic modeling units are usually leaves internodes, buds and fruits or flowers. The state of the art is presented in this kind of models, as are also the functional-structural models that are integration between structural models and physiological ones. Some tools and concepts used in this kind of modeling, as L-Systems, automata cellular, stochastic modeling, are also presented. The future trend will be a stronger development of these models, including variations due to environment and management, in order to support the decision taking.Key words: functional-structural models, crown, L-Systems, fractal theory. RESUMENLos avances en el análisis de la arquitectura o estructura de los árboles y plantas y su fisiología y, por otra parte, los avances en el área de la computación, han permitido desarrollar modelos estructurales tridimensionales del desarrollo de vegetales, usando generalmente como unidad mínima a modelar las hojas, internudos, yemas y frutos. Se presenta el estado del arte en este tipo de modelos, así como los modelos funcionales-estructurales, que integran modelos estructurales con modelos de procesos fisiológicos en la planta. Algunas herramientas usadas para este tipo de modelación, tales como Sistemas L, concepto de autómata celular, modelación estocástica, son presentadas. Se observa que la tendencia a futuro será desarrollar más este tipo de modelos integrados, incluyendo variaciones debido al ambiente y manejo, de manera de que apoyen la toma de decisiones.

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“…Plant architectural modelling is most developed for tree/forest applications (e.g example Host et al 1990, Barthelemy and Caraglio 1991, Prusinkiewicz et al 1994, Kaitaniemi and Honkanen 1996, Kurth 1994, 1995, de Reffye and Houllier 1997, Perttunen et al 1998 but is being applied, at least at the analytical level, to herbaceous and low stature plants (e.g.peas -Gould et al 1992, kiwi fruit - Smith et al 1992, cotton -Room et al 1995, 1996, pasture legumes - Wilson et al 1999, Gautier et al 2000, faba bean -DiazAmbrona et al 1998, maize - Espana et al 1998, Fournier and Andrieu 1998, sweet corn -Room et al 2000 and agroforestry (Oldeman 1992). Oldeman (1992) argues that architectural modelling of agroforestry is the most complex, because of the potential number of species and rotations possible, and the concurrent presence of short and long term plants (e.g.…”

Section: Some Achievements In Architectural Modellingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling kinetics of plant canopy architecture—concepts and applications

Birch

Andrieu²,

Fournier³

et al. 2003

European Journal of Agronomy

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Most crop models simulate the crop canopy as an homogeneous medium. This approach enables modelling of mass and energy transfer through relatively simple equations, and is useful for understanding crop production. However, schematisation of an homogeneous medium cannot address the heterogeneous nature of canopies and interactions between plants or plant organs, and errors in calculation of light interception may occur.Moreover, conventional crop models do not describe plant organs before they are visible externally e.g young leaves of grasses. The conditions during early growth of individual organs are important determinants of final organ size, causing difficulties in incorporating effects of environmental stresses in such models. Limited accuracy in describing temporal source-sink relationships also contributes to difficulty in modelling dry matter distribution and paramaterisation of harvest indices.Functional-architectural modelling overcomes these limitations by (i) representing crops as populations of individual plants specified in three dimensions and (ii) by modelling whole plant growth and development from the behaviour of individual organs, based on sound models of organs such as leaves and internodes. Since individual plants consist of numerous organs, generic models of organ growth applicable across species are desirable. Consequently, we are studying the development of individual organs, and parameterising it in terms of environmental variables and plant characteristics.Models incorporating plant architecture are currently applied in education, using dynamic visual representation for teaching growth and development. In research, the 3D representation of plants addresses issues presented above and new applications including modelling of pesticide distribution, fungal spore dispersal through splashing and plant to plant heterogeneity.

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LIGNUM: a model combining the structure and the functioning of trees

Cited by 151 publications

References 12 publications

Components of functional-structural tree models

Components of functional-structural tree models

Estado del arte en modelación funcional-estructural de plantas

Modelling kinetics of plant canopy architecture—concepts and applications

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