“…Support materials such as gels (Ramakrishna & Prakasham, 1999), porous cellulose (Sakurai, et al, 2000), natural sponge (Ogbonna, et al, 2001), agarose (Nigam, et al, 1998), alginate (Grootjen, et al, 1990) and carrageenan (Norton, et al, 1995) immobilization with calcium alginate beads is one of the most widely-used immobilization techniques for bioethanol production (Duarte, et al, 2013). The immobilization of S. cerevisiae has been performed by entrapment in calcium alginate for optimization of ethanol production by varying alginic acid concentration, bead size, glucose concentration, temperature and hardening time (Mishra, et al, 2016). Non-toxic synthetic polymers such as polyvinylalcohol (Nurhayati, et al, 2014) and polyHIPE polymer (synthesized using high internal phase emulsions) (Karagoz, et al, 2009) are alternative candidates for industrial applications.…”