Lignocellulosic Biorefineries in Europe: Current State and Prospects

Hassan, Shady S.; Williams, Gwilym A.; Jaiswal, Amit K.

doi:10.1016/j.tibtech.2019.03.001

Cited by 20 publications

(20 citation statements)

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“…The biore nery concept represents the basis for a more sustainable bio-based economy aimed at converting abundant renewable biomass sources into energy and value-added products. Today, around 40 lignocellulosic biore neries operate across Europe (1). Even though lignocellulose is a potential biomass resource, its degradation is impeded by high lignin content and heterogeneity of its polysaccharide constituents (2,3).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic and transcriptomic analysis of the thermophilic lignocellulose-degrading fungus Thielavia terrestris LPH172

Hüttner

Thuy²,

Than³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Biomass-degrading enzymes with improved activity and stability can ameliorate substrate saccharification and make biorefineries economically feasible. Filamentous fungi are a rich source of carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) for biomass degradation. The newly isolated LPH172 strain of the thermophilic Ascomycete Thielavia terrestris has been shown to possess high xylanase and cellulase activities and tolerate well low pH and high temperatures. Here, we aimed to illuminate the lignocellulose degrading machinery and novel carbohydrate-active enzymes in LPH172 in detail.Results: We sequenced and analysed the 36.6-Mb genome and transcriptome of LPH172 during growth on glucose, cellulose, rice straw, and beechwood xylan. In total, 411 CAZy domains were found among 10,128 predicted genes. Compared to other fungi, auxiliary activity (AA) enzymes were particularly enriched. GC content was higher in coding sequences than in the overall genome. A high GC3 content was hypothesised to contribute to thermophilicity. T. terrestris employed mainly lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) and glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 7 glucanases to attack cellulosic substrates, and conventional hemicellulases (GH10 and GH11) to degrade xylan. The observed co-expression and co-upregulation of AA9 LPMOs, other AA CAZymes, and (hemi)cellulases points to a complex and nuanced degradation strategy. Growth on more complex and heterogeneous substrates resulted in a more varied but generally lower gene expression. Conclusions: Our analysis of the genome and transcriptome of T. terrestris LPH172 elucidates the enzyme arsenal the fungus uses to degrade lignocellulosic substrates. The study provides the basis for future characterisation of potential new enzymes for industrial biomass saccharification.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic and transcriptomic analysis of the thermophilic lignocellulose-degrading fungus Thielavia terrestris LPH172

Hüttner

Thuy²,

Than³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…The generation of employment and added economic value could further add the positive aspect . The working bio‐refineries by lignocellulosic biomass currently account to 40 across Europe . The location of the biorefineries and supply of the feedstock is one of the prominent factors that can be crucial for determining the net carbon emissions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon conversion and stabilisation of date palm and high rate algal pond (microalgae) biomass through slow pyrolysis

et al. 2019

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Summary The processing of waste through pyrolysis technology is gaining momentum worldwide and is considered to be a green technology to reduce CO2 emissions. This study is devoted to analysing the lignocellulosic biomass (date palm) and wastewater‐derived microalgae and the carbon‐rich char produced between temperature range (400°C‐600°C) from these biomass types. The properties of microalgae char showed that significant variation with date palm char exhibited high heating values (24‐28 MJ/kg), low ash content (11%‐16%), and high energy yield (48%‐42%). Algal biomass char showed considerably high nitrogen content (6%‐7%) as compared with date palm char (<1%), lower stability, and more significant influence on the price with respect to treatment temperature. Quaternary, pyrrolic, and pyridinic nitrogen species were found on the surface of the microalgae char, whereas no nitrogen species detected on date palm char due to low nitrogen content. The activation energy was also noted to be high for algal char during pyrolysis and combustion process. It can be concluded that date palm char is suitable for energy applications, whereas, algal char can be used for soil amendment, wastewater treatment, and applications requiring nitrogen‐doped char.

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“…The suggestion for biotechnological approaches in the United States has estimated to produce 1.3 billion tons of dry biomass annually without conceding the food security 55 . The EU has initiated tremendous projects in the utilization of lignocellulose‐based biofuels as a direction of shifting from fossil fuel‐based economy to a bio‐circular economy 56 . This approach is to promote the sustainable development of bioenergy.…”

Section: Second Generation Biofuelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainability of the four generations of biofuels – A review

et al. 2020

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Biofuel has emerged as an alternative source of energy to reduce the emissions of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and combat global warming. Biofuels are classified into first, second, third and fourth generations. Each of the biofuel generations aims to meet the global energy demand while minimizing environmental impacts. Sustainability is defined as meeting the needs of the current generations without jeopardizing the needs of future generations. The aim of sustainability is to ensure continuous growth of the economy while protecting the environment and societal needs. Thus, this paper aims to evaluate the sustainability of these four generations of biofuels. The objectives are to compare the production of biofuel, the net greenhouse gases emissions, and energy efficiency. This study is important in providing information for the policymakers and researchers in the decision-making for the future development of green energy. Each of the biofuel generations shows different benefits and drawbacks. From this study, we conclude that the first generation biofuel has the highest biofuel production and energy efficiency, but is less effective in meeting the goal of reducing the greenhouse gases emission. The third generation biofuel shows the lowest net greenhouse gases emissions, allowing the reduction of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. However, the energy required for the processing of the third generation biofuel is higher and, this makes it less environmentally friendly as fossil fuels are used to generate electricity. The third and fourth generation feedstocks are the potential sustainable source for the future production of biofuel. However, more studies need to be done to find an alternative low cost for biofuel production while increasing energy efficiency.

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Lignocellulosic Biorefineries in Europe: Current State and Prospects

Abstract: Entries in the "Total cost (s)" column of Table 1 incorrectly omitted decimal separators. The corrected table now correctly reflects the intended numerical values.

Cited by 20 publications

References 0 publications

Genomic and transcriptomic analysis of the thermophilic lignocellulose-degrading fungus Thielavia terrestris LPH172

Genomic and transcriptomic analysis of the thermophilic lignocellulose-degrading fungus Thielavia terrestris LPH172

Carbon conversion and stabilisation of date palm and high rate algal pond (microalgae) biomass through slow pyrolysis

Sustainability of the four generations of biofuels – A review

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