Lignocellulosic biorefineries: A multiscale approach for resource exploitation

Biomass Waste Conversion Technologies and Its Application for Sustainable Environmental Development—A Review

“…Biomass waste management and conversion are becoming increasingly popular due to the negative impact biomass waste has on the economy, the environment, and human health. However, recent research has shown that biomass waste can be converted into valuable resources with high efficiency and low cost, which can save money and conserve natural resources [39]. Biomass conversion is the process of converting organic matter from biomass into usable forms of energy and high-value products.…”

Multi-component cocktail designing to develop a cost effective second generation bioconversion technology

“…The bioconversion of agro-residues nonetheless is challenging because of recalcitrant nature of lignocellulosics that needs to be pre-treated so as to make it amenable to the lignocellulolytic enzymes at high substrate concentrations (20-25%) in order to achieve sugar syrup (10-12%) rich in monomeric sugars for subsequent fermentation to ethanol. However, the operating plants also face technical issues while operating at high substrate concentrations those results in clogging of pipes, ine cient mixing of enzyme and substrate given the heterogeneity of the substrate that dynamically changes in its complexity during severe pre-treatment conditions (Sankaran et al, 2020, Duque et al, 2021, Martín et al, 2023. In addition, the catalytic e cacy of lignocellulolytic enzymes needs to be addressed under the process conditions as the hydrolysis in the bio-re nery setup is carried out at 17-22% (Inamdar et al, 2011, Smits et al, 2019 and under high substrate levels the enzyme substrate interactions as well as end product inhibition severely affect the performance of enzyme unlike 2-5% substrate concentrations generally employed for carrying out hydrolysis in many of the publications (Hu et al, 2014;Mokomele et al, 2018;Tang et al, 2019).…”