Lignocellulosic Biomass for Energy, Biofuels, Biomaterials, and Chemicals

Alzagameem, Abla; Khaldi-Hansen, Basma El; Kamm, Birgit; Schulze, Margit

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-66736-2_5

Cited by 21 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…Lignin, the most abundant natural resource next to cellulose and hemicellulose [1][2][3][4] contains various functional groups that provide active sites for chemical modification such as polarity adjustment to enhance the compatibility of lignin with other polymeric matrices in lignin/polymer composites [4,5] or to improve antioxidant properties [6][7][8][9][10][11]. Furthermore, studies reported lignin-derived encapsulation of various drugs for biomedical and agricultural applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Activity of Lignin-Derived Polyurethane Coatings Prepared from Unmodified and Demethylated Lignins

et al. 2019

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Due to global ecological and economic challenges that have been correlated to the transition from fossil-based to renewable resources, fundamental studies are being performed worldwide to replace fossil fuel raw materials in plastic production. One aspect of current research is the development of lignin-derived polyols to substitute expensive fossil-based polyol components for polyurethane and polyester production. This article describes the synthesis of bioactive lignin-based polyurethane coatings using unmodified and demethylated Kraft lignins. Demethylation was performed to enhance the reaction selectivity toward polyurethane formation. The antimicrobial activity was tested according to a slightly modified standard test (JIS Z 2801(JIS Z :2010. Besides effects caused by the lignins themselves, triphenylmethane derivatives (brilliant green and crystal violet) were used as additional antimicrobial substances. Results showed increased antimicrobial capacity against Staphylococcus aureus. Furthermore, the coating color could be varied from dark brown to green and blue, respectively.Coatings 2019, 9, 494 2 of 16 and DNA in cells of mice against oxidation damage [19] have been tested. Gao [20] and Bshena [21] studied the antimicrobial activity of various textiles, using lignin incorporated into polyethylene films and applied in the finishing processes. For textiles, there are special requirements such as non-toxicity to the consumer, namely cytotoxicity, allergy or irritation and sensitization. In other recent studies, lignosulfonic acid is reported to exhibit broad-spectrum anti-HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) and anti-HSV (herpes simplex virus) properties [22,23]. Thus, Qiu investigated the anti-HIV-1 activity-potential of lignosulfonates as a microbicide to prevent HIV-1 sexual transmission [23]. Another recently reported study revealed that the antimicrobial capacity of lignin correlates with the phenolic components, specifically the side chain structure and the nature of further functional groups [24]. Typically, the presence of a double bond in α, β positions of the side chain and a methyl group in the γ position grants the phenolic fragments with the most potency against microorganisms. However, none of the hitherto published studies included the investigation of the antibacterial activity of lignin when included in polymeric matrices.Unmodified lignin is widely studied as a component for polymer production with a focus on phenol-formaldehyde resins and polyurethanes (PUs) [25], where lignin is used as polyol substitute due to the high amount of hydroxyl groups resulting in high crosslinking densities and variable mechanical properties [26][27][28]. In previous studies, lignin-derived polyurethane coatings have been prepared using Kraft lignin isolated at room temperature from aqueous media (black liquor) at different pH values [29]. In addition, their antioxidative activity has been investigated using the Folin-Ciocalteu (FC) assay [30]. Although lignin contains many functionalities, they are often diff...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Activity of Lignin-Derived Polyurethane Coatings Prepared from Unmodified and Demethylated Lignins

et al. 2019

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“…Isolation methods such as Organosolv, acid, or alkaline steam-pressure processes are well-known methods which are commercially applied as the Organocell®, Alcell®, or Soda® method [7]. Studies comparing different pulping and isolation techniques could show that the Organosolv process might be the favored one to obtain lignins of good solubility and narrow molecular weight distribution [19][20][21].…”

Section: Lignin Availabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Analogue to these studies, we used the HSQC NMR spectroscopy to study differences in lignin structure obtained from various Miscanthus X giganteus genotypes. In addition, we also compared lignins isolated from stem versus leaves ( Figure 5) [21]. [42].…”

Section: Lignin Availabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Primary antimicrobial study performed with Kraft lignin extracts showed that purification strongly influence the lignin bioactivity against S. aureus and L. monocytogenes (gram positive bacteria) and E.coli (gram negative bacteria) [21]. Lignin nanoparticles incorporated in polylactic acid (PLA) revealed an innovative capacity to inhibit the bacterial growth along the time [49].…”

Section: Lignin Antimicrobial Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Lignin-Derived Biomaterials for Drug Release and Tissue Engineering

Alzagameem¹,

Bergs²,

Witzler³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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“…Hardwoods, especially tropical species and some agricultural residues, with high content of pentosan are a promising material for production of many valuable hemicellulosebased products. [1] Among a variety of products that can be produced from lignocellulose, furfural is considered as a substantial compound that has a wide range of applications. Furfural can be transformed to fuels and many other common chemicals that are popularly used in petrochemistry, plastics, pharmacies, and other industrial fields.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of furfural from Acacia mangium wood sawdust‐derived xylose by continuous distillation method using sulfonated carbonaceous catalyst from the same source

Chung

Hoài

Diễn

2020

Vietnam Journal of Chemistry

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In this study, the hydrolysate containing ~15 g/L of xylose, which was obtained from Acacia mangium wood sawdust was used for the synthesis of xylose by a continuous distillation method. The synthesis was conducted at 150 °C for 7 h using a carbon‐based sulfonated catalyst (CBSC) from the same biomass source with an acid density of about 4.0 mmol/g. The CBSC showed its efficient catalytic activity in the dehydration of xylose to furfural. Under the optimal catalyst dosage of 20 wt% over xylose, the yield of furfural was 20.4 mol% and 34 wt% of xylose was transformed to furfural. The results presented a successful utilization of a wood‐derived solid acid catalyst for production of furfural from the same biomass source as a sustainable production of furans for biofuel additives.

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Lignocellulosic Biomass for Energy, Biofuels, Biomaterials, and Chemicals

Cited by 21 publications

References 83 publications

Antimicrobial Activity of Lignin-Derived Polyurethane Coatings Prepared from Unmodified and Demethylated Lignins

Antimicrobial Activity of Lignin-Derived Polyurethane Coatings Prepared from Unmodified and Demethylated Lignins

Lignin-Derived Biomaterials for Drug Release and Tissue Engineering

Synthesis of furfural from Acacia mangium wood sawdust‐derived xylose by continuous distillation method using sulfonated carbonaceous catalyst from the same source

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