Lignocellulose-Degrading Microbial Communities in Landfill Sites Represent a Repository of Unexplored Biomass-Degrading Diversity

Abstract

The microbial conversion of lignocellulosic biomass for biofuel production represents a renewable alternative to fossil fuels. However, the discovery of new microbial enzymes with high activity is critical for improving biomass conversion processes. While attempts to identify superior lignocellulose-degrading enzymes have focused predominantly on the animal gut, biomass-degrading communities in landfill sites represent an unexplored resource of hydrolytic enzymes for biomass conversion. Here, we identified Firmicutes, Spirochaetes, and Fibrobacteres as key phyla in the landfill cellulolytic community, detecting 8,371 carbohydrate active enzymes (CAZymes) that represent at least three of the recognized strategies for cellulose decomposition. These data highlight substantial hydrolytic enzyme diversity in landfill sites as a source of new enzymes for biomass conversion.

Supplemental Bacillus subtilis DSM 32315 manipulates intestinal structure and microbial composition in broiler chickens

“…subtilis DSM 32315 addition failed to modify the α-diversity of cecal microbiota of broilers, it conferred several changes to the microbial composition, which were evidenced by a higher abundance of Firmicutes and a lower abundance of Bacteroidetes in treatment group, accompanied by the increased ABW and ADG of broilers. Firmicutes plays influential roles in polysaccharide decomposition and energy utilization in gut because of genes coding for the secretion of glycan-degrading enzymes 27 . Moreover, growth performance of animals was positively correlated with the abundance of Firmicutes especially the ratio of it to Bacteroidetes abundance in gut 13 , 28 .…”

Widespread Antibiotic, Biocide, and Metal Resistance in Microbial Communities Inhabiting a Municipal Waste Environment and Anthropogenically Impacted River

“…To date, attempts to connect microbial metabolisms and resistance profiles with specific populations within municipal waste environments has been limited to microcosm or bioreactor studies ( 10 , 12 – 14 ). Wu et al ( 14 ) amended landfill samples with the antibiotic sulfamethazine or oxytetracycline in an effort to decrease denitrification and release ozone-harming NO and N 2 O.…”

“…While antibiotic use was not clearly correlated with decreased emissions, the authors observed a concomitant increase by up to 10-fold in antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the landfill-derived microbial populations ( 14 ). Microcosms amended with cotton identified diverse cellulolytic populations from landfill leachate, including organisms with novel lignocellulose-degrading enzymes with possible biotechnological significance ( 10 ). The absence of genomic information for landfill-associated populations has prevented identification of microbial adaptations to the high-metal, high-ammonia, and multiply contaminated landfill environments.…”

Lignocellulose biodegradation: An advance technology for sustainable environment

“…were able of metabolizing ferulic acid but not in the presence of glucose. The lignocellulolytic enzyme profi les of fi ve strains of Agaricus and four strains of Pleurotus were determined by Rana and Rana in 2004. The crude enzyme from the colonized substrate was used to analysis the enzymatic activities.…”

“…The amount of priming was viewed by the differentiation in lignocellulose mineralisation between diatom-amended treatments and controls in aerobic sediment slurries. Ransom-Jones et al (2017) have reported that landfi ll sites symbolize a repository of uncultivated lignocellulose-degrading Microbes such as Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Spirochaetes, and Fibrobacteres, which are rich source for biomass degradation. According to Cortes-Tolalpa et al (2017), Lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) is a striking source of carbon for the production of sugars and other useful chemicals.…”