Lignocellulose-degrading actinomycetes

McCarthy, AJ

doi:10.1016/0378-1097(87)90061-9

Cited by 61 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…Actinobacteria are known as decomposers of dead plant biomass (Warren RAJ, 1996;McCarthy AJ, 1987;Větrovský T et al, 2014), with the increase of lettuce growth time, dead plant biomass will increase, so members of the actinobacterial group will increase accordingly. This result was different from the notion of Susanne Schreiter et al (Schreiter S et al, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial diversity and community structure in lettuce soil are shifted by cultivation time

Chang¹,

Guo²,

Yi³

2017

AIP Conference Proceedings

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Abstract. Compared with cereal production, vegetable production usually requires a greater degree of management and larger input of nutrients and irrigation, but these systems are not sustainable in the long term. This study aimed to what extent lettuce determine the bacterial community composition in the soil, during lettuce cultivation, pesticides and fertilizers were not apply to soil. Soil samples were collected from depths of 0-20cm and 20-40cm. A highthroughput sequencing approach was employed to investigate bacterial communities in lettuce -cultivated soil samples in a timedependent manner. The dominant bacteria in the lettuce soil samples were mainly Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi, Nitrospirae, Firmicutes, Acidobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Verrucomicrobia, Planctomycetes, Gemmatimo nadetes, Cyanobacteria. Proteobacteria was the most abundant phylum in the 6 soil samples. The relative abundance of Acidobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Verrucomicrobia and Cyanobacteria decreased through time of lettuce cultivation, but the relative abundance of Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes, Chloroflexi, Planctomycetes and Nitrospirae increased over time. In the 0-20cm depth group and the 20-40cm depth soil, a similar pattern was observed that the percentage number of only shared OTUs between the early and late stage was lower than that between the early and middle stage soil, the result showed that lettuce growth can affect structure of soil bacterial communities.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial diversity and community structure in lettuce soil are shifted by cultivation time

Chang¹,

Guo²,

Yi³

2017

AIP Conference Proceedings

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“…There have also been studies on the role of actinomycete bacteria in lignocellulose biodegradation (McCarthy 1987). Actinomycetes, which have the same invasive habit as fungi, are common in decaying lignoceltulose systems such as compost.…”

Section: Actinomycete Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Biotechnology in the degradation and utilization of lignocellulose

Broda¹

1992

Biodegradation

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Lignocellulose is the predominant renewable resource. Its uses include fuel, as the feedstock for the pulp and paper industry, and for animal nutrition. It also constitutes a large proportion of agricultural and urban waste. Biotechnology has roles in its efficient production and utilisation. The types of lignin substrates available for study of lignin biodegradation are described. The white rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium is the archetypal system for the study of lignocellulose degradation, since it mineralises lignin and degrades both cellulose and hemicellulose. The salient features of the P. chrysosporium system are described. The lignin peroxidases are a family of proteins, and it is shown that expression of their genes is differential. P. chrysosporium is heterokaryotic with two gene equivalents that have abundant RFLPs. A set of basidiospore-derived strains with genetic compositions defined by such RFLPs provided the potential basis for a strain improvement programme for lignin degradation. However, analysis of this system using radiolabelled synthetic lignin (DHP) as the substrate confirmed previous evidence that both the substrate and the fungal cultures displayed much variation, so that it was difficult to quantify performance for this property. The cellobiohydrolase I enzymes are also coded for by a family of genes, and evidence is also presented for allelic variants, for differential expression and for differential splicing. In contrast, the cellobiohydrolase II function is encoded at a unique genetic locus. Approaches to an homologous integrative transformation system are discussed. Some actinomycete bacteria represent an alternative system for lignin solubilisation in which strains differ in their spectra of activities on lignocellulose substrates. The xylanase system of Streptomyces cyaneus is shown to include three enzymes, two of which are inducible by xylan. A novel assay method was developed and used to demonstrate that the third is constitutive and also nonrepressible by glucose. It is proposed that this acts as a sensor for xylans in the environment that can yield breakdown products that are taken up and can then act as inducers of the other two enzymes. The studies on microbial lignocellulose degradation from different laboratories have allowed the formulation of specific biotechnological goals, and some of the problems and opportunities in this area are identified.

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“…Although species of Streptomyces, an actinomycete genus, appeared in the early studies on cellulolytic microorganisms (Reese eta/., 1950;Enger & Sleeper, 1965), their lignocellulase systems only recently have received much attention (Mason eta/., 1988;Godden eta/., 1989;Spear et al, 1993). Actinomycete glycanases are inducible extracellular enzymes which attack cellulose and related polymers in much the same way as fungal hydrolytic enzymes (McCarthy, 1987).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Induction of glycanolytic activities by Streptomyces sp. QM-B814 growing on different glucopolymers

1994

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The actinomycete Streptomyces sp. QM-B814 is able to use polymeric glucans as sole carbon source by the induction of specific extracellular enzymatic systems. Carboxyrnethylcellulose and barley J3-glucan were the most effective inducers of endoglucanase activities towards ~-(1,4) and mixed 13-(1,3)-(1,4) linkages. Avicelase activity was induced by Avicel and carboxymethylcellulose. The higher activity towards filter paper (cellulase) was measured in cultures growing in Avicel, carboxymethylcellulose, and barley ~glucan. Laminarinase activity was induced only by laminarin and lichenan failed to induce significant activity levels against any of the substrates tested.

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Lignocellulose-degrading actinomycetes

Cited by 61 publications

References 86 publications

Bacterial diversity and community structure in lettuce soil are shifted by cultivation time

Bacterial diversity and community structure in lettuce soil are shifted by cultivation time

Biotechnology in the degradation and utilization of lignocellulose

Induction of glycanolytic activities by Streptomyces sp. QM-B814 growing on different glucopolymers

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